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. 2022 Aug 10;13(6):2277–2295. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmac086

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Forest plot for the effects of orally ingested probiotics versus placebo on the risk of experiencing 1 or more respiratory tract infections in nonelderly adults. Intention-to-treat random effects meta-analysis using DerSimonian and Laird inverse variance method. Data extracted for Jespersen et al. (36) and Guillemard et al. (35) reflect the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections. Lower and upper limits are 95% CIs. Individual study effect estimates (squares; sized by study weight) and pooled effects (diamond) are plotted. Heterogeneity from the fixed-effects model: I2 = 33.4, P = 0.04. RTI, number of individuals experiencing ≥1 respiratory tract infection; Total, number randomized.