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. 2022 Aug 10;13(6):2277–2295. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmac086

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Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition 2022.

This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.

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Forest plot for the effects of orally ingested probiotics versus placebo on the total days of illness due to RTIs in nonelderly adults. Intention-to-treat random-effects meta-analysis using DerSimonian and Laird inverse variance method. Lower and upper limits are the 95% CIs. Individual study effect estimates (squares; sized by study weight) and pooled effects (diamond) are plotted. Heterogeneity from the fixed-effects model: I² = 91.4, P < 0.001. RTI, total days of respiratory tract infection; Total, total person years of exposure.