TABLE 1.
Total results and results by quartile of intake for flavan-3-ols and cardiometabolic outcomes from randomized controlled trials included in Raman et al. (15)1
| Outcomes | Total flavan-3-ol analysis | Total flavan-3-ol dose quartile | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of studies | Mean difference (summary estimate)2 | Median daily intake, mg | Quartiles by intake | Intake range, mg | Mean difference (summary estimate)2 | |
| Blood pressure | ||||||
| SBP, mmHg | 91 | −1.46 (−2.27, −0.65)* | 435.1 | 1 | 40.0–207.3 | −2.58 (−4.62, −0.54)* |
| 2 | 208.0–414.3 | −1.22 (−2.76, 0.34) | ||||
| 3 | 456.0–793.0 | −1.25 (−2.20, −0.29)* | ||||
| 4 | 800.0–2000.0 | −1.16 (−2.18, −0.14)* | ||||
| DBP, mmHg | 91 | −0.99 (−1.50, −0.45)* | 499.3 | 1 | 40.0–208.0 | −1.87 (−2.97, −0.77)* |
| 2 | 234.0–472.3 | −0.86 (−2.19, 0.48) | ||||
| 3 | 494.0–793.0 | −0.41 (−1.10, 0.28) | ||||
| 4 | 800.0–2000.0 | −0.71 (−1.35, −0.07)* | ||||
| Flow-mediated dilation | ||||||
| Acute FMD, % | 24 | 1.70 (1.31, 2.08)* | 651 | 1 | 100.0–311.1 | 1.11 (0.51, 1.70)* |
| 2 | 311.1–497.8 | 1.70 (1.35, 2.05)* | ||||
| 3 | 805.2–918.0 | 2.57 (1.10, 4.05)* | ||||
| 4 | 963.0–2728.6 | 1.63 (1.04, 2.23)* | ||||
| Chronic FMD, % | 23 | 1.21 (0.70, 1.73)* | NR | 1 | 34.0–189.0 | 1.59 (0.56, 2.62)* |
| 2 | 206.0–444.0 | 1.36 (-0.22, 2.94) | ||||
| 3 | 572.0–887.0 | 1.15 (0.11, 2.19)* | ||||
| 4 | 900.0–1152.0 | 1.02 (0.44, 1.61)* | ||||
| Glucose metabolism | ||||||
| Blood glucose, mmol/L | 81 | −0.03 (−0.07, 0.02) | 533 | 1 | 34.0–208.0 | −0.11 (−0.23, 0.01) |
| 2 | 221.8–518.8 | 0.02 (−0.05, 0.08) | ||||
| 3 | 547.8–800.0 | −0.02 (−0.10, 0.06) | ||||
| 4 | 805.0–1543.5 | 0.04 (−0.08, 0.15) | ||||
| HOMA-IR | 35 | −0.15 (−0.29, −0.01)* | 662 | 1 | <226.0 | −0.12 (−0.32, 0.08) |
| 2 | 227.0–582.0 | −0.20 (−0.43, 0.04) | ||||
| 3 | 583.0–889.0 | −0.26 (−0.45, −0.08)* | ||||
| 4 | >889.0 | −0.03 (−0.65, 0.59) | ||||
| HbA1c, % | 27 | −0.05 (−0.09, −0.01)* | 661 | 1 | <401.0 | −0.003 (−0.08, 0.08) |
| 2 | 401.0–661.0 | −0.10 (−0.17, −0.04)* | ||||
| 3 | 662.0–963.0 | 0.03 (−0.10, 0.15) | ||||
| 4 | >964.0 | −0.07 (−0.30, 0.16) | ||||
| Serum lipids | ||||||
| TC, mmol/L | 91 | −0.07 (−0.14, 0.007) | 548.5 | 1 | 38.5–257.1 | 0.05 (−0.07, 0.17) |
| 2 | 270.8–547.9 | 0.01 (−0.04, 0.06) | ||||
| 3 | 549.2–850.0 | −0.15 (−0.26, −0.05)* | ||||
| 4 | 870.0–1543.4 | −0.12 (−0.29, 0.06) | ||||
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 87 | −0.07 (−0.13, −0.009)* | 518.7 | 1 | 38.5–257.1 | −0.04 (−0.13, 0.06) |
| 2 | 270.8–536.0 | −0.01 (−0.06, 0.03) | ||||
| 3 | 547.9–814.0 | −0.10 (−0.20, −0.004)* | ||||
| 4 | 850.0–1543.4 | −0.12 (−0.26, 0.02) | ||||
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 92 | 0.03 (0.01, 0.04)* | 508.9 | 1 | 38.5–230.7 | 0.05 (0.008, 0.090)* |
| 2 | 233.3–500.0 | 0.02 (−0.006, 0.042) | ||||
| 3 | 517.7–812.2 | 0.04 (0.008, 0.071)* | ||||
| 4 | 814.0–1543.4 | −0.02 (−0.04, 0.001) | ||||
| TG, mmol/L | 92 | −0.03 (−0.07, −0.003)* | 533.3 | 1 | 38.5–241.7 | −0.05 (−0.11, 0.02) |
| 2 | 242.1–518.7 | 0.001 (−0.08, 0.08) | ||||
| 3 | 547.9–805.0 | −0.02 (−0.06, 0.03) | ||||
| 4 | 812.2–1543.4 | −0.05 (−0.13, 0.03) | ||||
1
Data from Raman et al. (15) Supplementary Tables 3 and 7–17. DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FMD, flow-mediated dilation; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NR, not reported; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides.
2
Mean difference between flavan-3-ol treatment group and control group. Summary estimate represents 95% CI. *Indicates significance of P < 0.05.