TABLE 2.
Results by CVD status and by duration for flavan-3-ol intake and cardiometabolic outcomes from randomized controlled trials included in Raman et al. (15)1
| Outcomes | CVD status | Intake duration | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Y/N2 | Number of studies | Mean difference (summary estimate)3 | Length of intervention, mo | Number of studies | Mean difference (summary estimate)3 | |
| Blood pressure | ||||||
| SBP, mmHg | N | 82 | −1.40 (−2.23, −0.56)* | <3 | 61 | −1.24 (−2.13, −0.35)* |
| 3–6 | 23 | −1.70 (−3.26, −0.13)* | ||||
| Y | 4 | −3.45 (−5.21, −1.69)* | >6 | 2 | −4.35 (−7.39, −1.31)* | |
| DBP, mmHg | N | 84 | −1.01 (−1.53, −0.50)* | <3 | 64 | −1.01 (−1.64, −0.38)* |
| 3–6 | 25 | −0.98 (−1.90, −0.07)* | ||||
| Y | 2 | 0.04 (−2.25, 2.32) | >6 | 2 | −0.65 (−2.61, 1.31) | |
| Flow-mediated dilation | ||||||
| Acute FMD, % | N | 18 | 1.64 (1.23, 2.06)* | <3 | NR | NR |
| 3–6 | NR | NR | ||||
| Y | ? | NR | >6 | NR | NR | |
| Chronic FMD, % | N | 17 | 1.05 (0.48, 1.62) | <3 | 22 | 1.22 (0.69, 1.75)* |
| 3–6 | 1 | 1.08 (−0.10, 2.26) | ||||
| Y | 6 | 1.88 (0.30, 3.46) | >6 | 0 | N/A | |
| Glucose metabolism | ||||||
| Blood glucose, mmol/L | N | 80 | −0.02 (−0.07, 0.02) | <3 | 48 | −0.01 (−0.04, 0.05) |
| 3–6 | 27 | −0.08 (−0.19, 0.03) | ||||
| Y | 3 | −0.22 (−0.76, 0.32) | >6 | 4 | −0.12 (−0.67, 0.44) | |
| HOMA-IR | N | 30 | −0.15 (−0.29, −0.01)* | <3 | 20 | −0.10 (−0.27, 0.08) |
| 3–6 | 12 | −0.30 (−0.50, −0.10)* | ||||
| Y | 1 | −0.30 (−2.04, 1.44) | >6 | 3 | −0.18 (−1.01, 0.65) | |
| HbA1c, % | N | 24 | −0.05 (−0.09, −0.004)* | <3 | 12 | −0.002 (−0.07, 0.07) |
| 3–6 | 13 | −0.08 (−0.14, −0.02)* | ||||
| Y | 1 | −0.20 (−0.53, 0.13) | >6 | 2 | −0.14 (−0.37, 0.10) | |
| Serum lipids | ||||||
| TC, mmol/L | N | 87 | −0.06 (−0.14, 0.01) | <3 | 60 | −0.05 (−0.14, 0.04) |
| 3–6 | 29 | −0.09 (−0.21, 0.04) | ||||
| Y | 4 | −0.12 (−0.30, 0.07) | >6 | 2 | −0.09 (−0.31, 0.13) | |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | N | 77 | −0.07 (−0.13, −0.007)* | <3 | 55 | −0.06 (−0.13, 0.02) |
| 3–6 | 26 | −0.08 (−0.17, 0.02) | ||||
| Y | 4 | −0.07 (−0.38, 0.24) | >6 | 6 | −0.11 (−0.26, 0.03) | |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | N | 84 | 0.03 (0.01, 0.05)* | <3 | 58 | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.02) |
| 3–6 | 31 | 0.05 (0.01, 0.09)* | ||||
| Y | 4 | 0.02 (−0.05, 0.08) | >6 | 3 | 0.07 (0.01, 0.13)* | |
| TG, mmol/L | N | 85 | −0.03 (−0.06, 0.01) | <3 | 59 | −0.01 (−0.05, 0.04) |
| 3–6 | 30 | −0.10 (−0.16, −0.04)* | ||||
| Y | 4 | −0.10 (−0.24, 0.03) | >6 | 3 | −0.02 (−0.19, 0.15) | |
1
Data pulled from Raman et al. (15) Supplementary Tables 3 and 7–17. CVD, cardiovascular disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FMD, flow-mediated dilation; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NR, not reported; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides.
2
Y/N = yes or no; Yes = CVD diagnosis, No = no CVD diagnosis.
3
Mean difference between flavan-3-ol treatment group and control group. Summary estimate represents 95% CI. *Indicates significance of P < 0.05.