TABLE 5.
Clinical trials that studied alginate consumption in adults without gastrointestinal disease1
| Study | Population | Design | Duration | Dose | Control (vehicle) | Treatment (vehicle) | Assessment | Responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nam, 2022 (55) | Patients in Korea (n = 210; 72 F, 138 M) without significant disease undergoing EGD, 20–80 y | Open label, randomized, controlled, parallel arm | 3 d | 3 g/d | None (none) | Taejoon Pharm Co. Lamina-G sodium alginate, 1 g 3×/d (not specified) | Gastrointestinal symptoms (abdominal pain, epigastric pain/soreness, heartburn, acid reflux, nausea/vomiting, borborygmi, abdominal distension, belching) | Epigastric pain/soreness ↑ with control, but ↓ with treatment.2 Acid regurgitation and epigastric soreness, belching, and borborygmi ↓ during follow-up with treatment compared with baseline.2 |
| Wolf, 2002 (52) | Healthy adults in the United States (n = 30; 19 F, 11 M), 36 ± 2 y, BMI 21–28 | Randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover | 2 OGTTs | 3.75 g/d | Gum arabic + guar gum (glucose beverage) | Kelco sodium alginate (glucose beverage) | Questionnaire to report severity of nausea, cramping, distention, vomiting, burping, and reflux from 0 (absent) to 3 (severe) | No difference in tolerance symptoms between treatments |
| Torsdottir, 1991 (53) | Males in Sweden (n = 7) with T2D, 39–58 y, BMI 20–30 | Ingestion on 2 d, randomized | 3 h on each of 2 test days | 5 g/d | None (control meal) | Drammen Protanal L-60, Protan A-S sodium alginate, 75% soluble fiber (control meal) | Gastric emptying rate | Treatment resulted in slower gastric emptying compared with control.2 |
| Jensen, 2012 (AJCN) (54) | Adults in Denmark (n = 96) with obesity, 20–55 y, BMI 30–45 | Parallel, double blind, placebo controlled | 12 wk | 45 g/d | Placebo (energy-restricted diet + preload) | FMC Biopolymers Protanal LFR 5/60 sodium alginate (energy-restricted diet + preload) | VAS to rate heartburn, reflux, nausea, distension, abdominal pain, constipation, flatulence, and diarrhea; reporting of adverse events graded as mild, moderate, or severe | Mean maximum VAS scores ↑ with alginate compared with control at wk 6.2 |
1
BMI is presented as kg/m2. AJCN, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition; EGD, esophagogastroduodenoscopy; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; T2D, type 2 diabetes; VAS, visual analog scale.
2
Differences were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05).