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Box-and-violin plots showing (A) actual and absolute WD/WE according to light-at-night quartile grouping (1 = lowest LAN, 4 = highest LAN); (B) actual and absolute WD/WE according to quintiles based on Townsend Deprivation Index scores (1 = least disadvantaged, 5 = most disadvantaged). *** denotes p < 0.001, * p < 0.05 for pairwise comparisons (Tukey post hoc test following p < 0.001 for one-way ANOVA).
