Table 3.
Results.
| Author, Year, Country |
Type of Study |
Sample Size (n) |
Loc. of Lesions |
PBM Type |
Laser Parameters |
Control Group |
Follow- Up Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gambino et al., 2018 [28], Italy | Clinical trial | 40 | Oral mucosa | Diode laser gallium arsenide and aluminum (AlGaAs) | 980 nm; 400 mW; 8 J/cm2; 10 s -point size 0.5 cm2; 8 sessions/1 week for 8 weeks |
Twice daily propionate clobetasol to 0.05% gel with aqueous of hydroxyethyl-cellulos at 4% (100 g), in equal parts (50:50) for 8 weeks | After treatment (unspecified) |
| Mirza et al., 2018 [29] Saudi Arabia |
Randomized controlled clinical trial | 45 | Oral mucosa, Tongue |
Diode laser (unspecified) |
630 nm; 10 mW/cm2 1.5 J/cm2; 2.5 min; 1 cm2. 2 times per week, each 3 days. Max. 10 sessions |
Topical; corticosteroids in mouthwash: Dexamethasone (0.5 mg in 5 mL of water for 5 min); 30 min later: Nystatin (30 drops during 5 min) 4 times per day for 1 month |
Control group: weekly follow-up during intake. Once or twice a week and a year |
| Mutafchieva et al., 2018 [30] Bulgaria | Open clinical trial | 12 | Oral mucosa, Gum, Tongue, Labial mucosa, Palate | Diodelaser (unspecified) | 810 nm; 0.5 W; 1.2 J/cm2; 30 s 3 times in a week | No control group | A month after treatment |
| Khater et al., 2019 [32], Egypt | Open clinical trial | 24 | Buccal mucosa, Gum, Tongue, Labial mucosa, Palate | Nd-YAG (neodymium) laser with Q shift | 1064 nm; 0.5 W; 1.2 J/cm2; 30 s 3 times per week for 1 month | No control group | After treatment (unspecified) |
| Lavaee et al., 2019 [31], Iran | Double- blind ran- dom- ized clinical trial | 8 | Buccal mucosa | Diode laser InGaAlP (Indium Gallium Aluminum Phosphorus) | 660 nm; 25 mW; 19.23 J/cm2 | Stimulated laser + Topical corticosteroids (triamcinolone acetonide 0.10% 3 times in a day and 40 drops of 0.1% nystatin oral suspension for 4 min | 3rd and 7th week of treatment |
| Nammour et al., 2021 [26], Belgium | Clinical trial | 96 | Buccal mucosa | Red light helium–neon (He–Ne) laser | 635 nm; 0.1 W; 1415 J/ cm2; 40 s Every 48 hours for 6 weeks | Topical cortisone (0.05% clobetasol propionate gel); 3 times per day for 6 weeks | 6 weeks, 1 month, 6 months and 12 months after treatment |
| Tarasenko et al. 2021 [33], Germany | Randomized controlled clinical trial with parallel arms and blinded examiner | 75 | Buccal mucosa, tongue, alveolar crest, palate, floor of mouth, lips | Nd–YAG (neodymium aluminum garnet laser) | 1064 nm; 1.5 W or 3 W; 40 Hz; 15 s Postoperative 5.5 min | Scalpel with 5–10, size 5.0 microfilament sutures no painkillers | 14, 30 days and 2 years after the operation |