Table 1.
A grade-wise demonstration of key proteins found in the proteome analysis of OA SFs, which are linked with macrophage regulation.
| No. | Protein | Action | Fold Change | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G1-G2 | G1-G3 | G1-G4 | |||
| 1 | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) | Prevent random migration and stimulate population growth of macrophages | −0.295 | −0.935 | −38.678 |
| 2 | Macrophage-capping protein, (CAPG/MCP) | Regulate cell migration through actin fiber modulation | 0 | 38.623 | 41.396 |
| 3 | Matrix metalloproteinase-9, (MMP9) | Multiple roles, including activation of macrophages | 0 | 40.987 | 41.693 |
| 4 | Prostaglandin E synthase 3, (PTGES3) | Regulate release of inflammatory prostaglandin by macrophages | 37.965 | 37.109 | 0 |
| 5 | Osteopontin C | Osteopontin affects macrophage polarization, promoting endocytic but not inflammation [21] | 0 | 0 | 35.955 |
| 6 | Grancalcin (GCA) | Control calcium influx and modulate secondary signaling | 0 | 42.935 | 41.813 |
| 7 | Tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) | Inflammatory response and immune homeostasis | 0 | 35.575 | 38.093 |
| 8 | Ras-related protein Rab-1A, RAB1A | Plays a role in cell adhesion and cell migration | 0 | 40.627 | 39.556 |
| 9 | Ras-related protein Rab-7a, RAB7A | Enables Phagocytosis | 37.220 | 39.440 | 38.900 |
| 10 | Ras-related protein Rab-10 RAB10 | Phagosome maturation | 0 | 38.686 | 38.171 |
| 11 | Ras-related protein Rab-8B (RAB8B) | Antigen processing and presentation | 1 | 39.618 | 37.869 |
| 12 | Ras-related protein Rab-31 (RAB31) | Serves essential roles in vesicle and granule targeting [22] | 0 | 37.347 | 37.264 |
| 13 | Ras-related protein Rab-14 (RAB14) | Rab14 found to play a crucial role in phagocytosis, homotypic phagosome, and lysosome fusion [23] | 0 | 37.731 | 37.122 |
| 14 | Ras-related protein Rab-2A (RAB2A) | Ras-related GTP-binding proteins involved in the regulation of secretion [24] | 0 | 39.676 | 36.786 |
| 15 | Ras-related protein Rab-1B (RAB1B) | Regulates vesicular transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and successive Golgi compartments | 0 | 35.756 | 35.921 |
| 16 | Ras-related protein Rab-3D (RAB3D) | Involved in regulated exocytosis [25] |
0 | 38.255 | 35.236 |
| 17 | Ras-related protein Rab-5C (RAB5C) | Endocytosis [26] |
36.733 | 38.253 | 35.156 |
| 18 | Ras-related protein Rab-21 (RAB21) | Regulates integrin internalization and recycling; may regulate cell adhesion and migration [27] |
0 | 39.135 | 0 |