| ANS | anthocyanidin synthase |
| bHLH | basic helix–loop–helix |
| CHS | chalcone synthase |
| COG | cluster of orthologous groups of proteins |
| CH | chalcone isomerase |
| DFR | dihydroflavonol 4-reductase |
| DGE | differentially expressed genes |
| F3H | flavanone 3-hydroxylase |
| F3’H | flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase |
| FDR | false discovery rate |
| FPKM | fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads |
| GO | gene ontology |
| KEGG | Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes |
| LDOX | leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase |
| NR | NCBI nonredundant protein database |
| OS | orange stage |
| qRT-PCR | quantitative real-time PCR |
| RNA-Seq | RNA sequencing |
| RS | red stage |
| RSEM | RNA-Seq by expectation maximization |
| UFGT | UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase |
| YS | yellow stage |