Table 1.

Diagnostic strategies in keratoconus.

Diagnostic Strategies	What Is?	How?
Screening	Detect mild forms of KC, and ectasia susceptibility, considering the refractive treatment and the impact on the cornea.	Placido-disk corneal topography, Scheimpflug tomography, OCT (or VHF US) segmental tomography, and biomechanical assessments.
Diagnostic confirmation	Paradigm shift related to the management of ECD and access ectasia risk and progression to improve treatment.	Comprehensive clinical evaluation with multimodal imaging.
Classification of ectasia	Group of disorders characterized by progressive thinning and following protruding of the corneal structure.	Integration of tomographic and biomechanical data with AI, genetics, and molecular biology.
Staging	To prevent visual loss before it even occurs, with new treatment modalities.	ABCD + E ectasia/KC staging.
Prognostic	Management of KC varies depending on the severity of the disease	Biomechanical parameters (SPA-1) and patient compliance.

Keratoconus (KC), ectatic corneal diseases (ECD), artificial intelligence (AI).