Table 2.

Study assessment on this umbrella review using AMSTAR appraisal tool.

Item	Description	Rating	Justification
1	Was an ‘a priori’ design provided?	+	Yes, the research questions and inclusion criteria are provided in Section 2.1 and Section 2.3, respectively
2	Was there duplicate study selection and data extraction?	+	Yes, excluded as detailed in Figure 4
3	Was a comprehensive literature search performed?	+	Yes, as detailed in Section 2.2
4	Was the status of publication (i.e., grey literature) used as an inclusion criterion?	−	No, inclusion criterion is provided in Section 2.3
5	Was a list of studies (included and excluded) provided?	+	Yes, provided in Appendix A
6	Were the characteristics of the included studies provided?	+	Yes, provided in Appendix A
7	Was the scientific quality of the included studies assessed and documented?	+	Yes, as detailed in Section 3.9
8	Was the scientific quality of the included studies used appropriately in formulating conclusions?	+	Yes, the scientific quality of the included review works from different perspectives were considered (Section 3). Recommendations and future direction are provided in Section 4.3
9	Were the methods used to combine the findings of studies appropriate?	+	Yes, as detailed in Section 2.6
10	Was the likelihood of publication bias assessed?	+	Yes, as detailed in Section 2.7 and Section 4.2
11	Was the conflict of interest stated?	+	Yes, as detailed in the Conflicts of Interest Section

+: Yes; −: No.