Table 1.
Clinical features of the 36 cases of needle-tract seeding (NTS).
| Number | Author | Year | Diagnosis | Age at PDAC Diagnosis | Tumor Site | Stage | Needle (Gauge) | Puncture Route | Needle Passes | Interval from EUS-FNA (Months) | Seeding Site | Primary Tumor Management | NTS Management | Overall Survival (Months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Paquin et al. [11] | 2005 | PDAC | 65 | PT | T1N0M0 | 22 | TG | 5 | 21 | PGW | S | CHT (PALL) | 33 |
| 2 | Ahmed et al. [21] | 2011 | PDAC | 79 | PB | T2N0M0 | NA | TG | Several | 39 | GW | S + ADJ CHT-RT | S (G) | 36 |
| 3 | Chong et al. [22] | 2011 | PDAC | 55 | PT | T2N0M0 R0 | 22 | TG | 2 | 26 | PGW | S | PALL | NA |
| 4 | Katanuma et al. [23] | 2012 | PDAC | 68 | PB | T2N0M0 | 22 | TG | 4 | 22 | PGW | S | NA | NA |
| 5 | Anderson et al. [24] | 2013 | PDAC | 51 | PH, CL | NA | NA | GEJ | Several | NA | GEJ | CHT-RT | NA | NA |
| 6 | Ngamruengphong et al. [19] | 2013 | PDAC | 66 | PB, PT | IIA | 19, 22 | TG | 3 | 27 | GW | S + ADJ CHT-RT | NA | NA |
| 7 | Ngamruengphong et al. [19] | 2013 | PDAC | 77 | PT | IIA | 19 | TG | 3 | 26 | GW | S + ADJ CHT-RT | NA | NA |
| 8 | Minaga et al. [25] | 2015 | PDAC | 64 | PB | T3N0M0 | 22 | TG | 3 | 8 | PGW | S | S (PG) | NA |
| 9 | Naruse H et al. [26] | 2015 | PDAC | 72 | PB | NA | NA | TG | 4 | 9 | GW | CHT | CHT (PALL) | 11 |
| 10 | Tomonari et al. [27] | 2015 | PDAC | 78 | PB | T3N0M0 R0 | 22 | TG | 2 | 9 | PGW | S + ADJ CHT | S (PG) | NA |
| 11 | Kita et al. [28] | 2016 | PDAC | 68 | PB, PT | NA | 22 | TG | 2 | 4 | PGW | RT | NA | NA |
| 12 | Minaga et al. [29] | 2016 | PDAC | 72 | PB | T1N0M0 R0 | NA | TG | NA | 24 | PGW | S | S (G) | NA |
| 13 | Yamauchi et al. [30] | 2016 | PDAC | 65 | PB | T3N0M0 | 22 | TG | 1 | 22 | PGW | S | S (PG) | NA |
| 14 | Iida et al. [31] | 2016 | PDAC | 65 | PT | T3N0M0 | 22 | TG | 3 | 6 | PGW | S | S (PG) + CHT (ADJ) | 27 |
| 15 | Yamabe et al. [32] | 2016 | PDAC | 75 | PB | NA | 25 | TG | NA | 3 | PGW | CHT (PALL) | CHT (PALL) | 29 |
| 16 | Yasumoto et al. [33] | 2018 | PDAC | 78 | PB | T3N0M0 R0 | 25 | TG | NA | 22 | PGW | S + ADJ CHT | S (PG) | NA |
| 17 | Matsumoto et al. [34] | 2018 | PDAC | 50 | PB | T3N0M0 | 21 | TG | 3 | 8 | PGW | NEOADJ CHT + S | Included in the tumor management | NA |
| 18 | Sakamoto et al. [35] | 2018 | PDAC | 50 | PT | T4N1M0 | 22 | TG | 2 | 24 | PGW | S + ADJ CHT | S (PG) | NA |
| 19 | Matsui et al. [36] | 2019 | PDAC | 68 | PB | T1N1M0 | 19, 20, 22 | TG | 4 | 1 | PGW | S + ADJ CHT | Included in the tumor management | 18 |
| 20 | Matsui et al. [36] | 2019 | PDAC | 70 | PB | T2N0M1 | 22 | TG | 1 | 4 | PGW | NEOADJ CHT + S + ADJ CHT | Included in the tumor management | 18 |
| 21 | Kawabata et al. [37] | 2019 | PDAC | 78 | PB | I R0 | 22 | TG, TP | NA | 36 | PGW | S | S (PG) | NA |
| 22 | Yane et al. [38] | 2020 | PDAC | 66 | PT | T3N0M0 G1 R0 | 22 | TG | 4 | 18 | PGW | S | CHT (PALL) | 10 |
| 23 | Yane et al. [38] | 2020 | PDAC | 78 | PT | T3N0M0 G3 R1 | 22 | TG | 2 | 26 | PGW | S | S | 25 |
| 24 | Yane et al. [38] | 2020 | PDAC | 86 | PB | T2N0M0 G3 R0 | 22 | TG | 3 | 18 | PGW | S | S | 62 |
| 25 | Yane et al. [38] | 2020 | PDAC | 47 | PB | T2N0M0 G2 R0 | 22 | TG | 4 | 27 | PGW | S | S | 17 |
| 26 | Yane et al. [38] | 2020 | PDAC | 79 | PB | T1N0M0 G3 R0 | 22 | TG | 3 | 6 | PGW | S | S | 40 |
| 27 | Yane et al. [38] | 2020 | PDAC | 78 | PB | T1N0M0 G2 R0 | 22 | TG | 4 | 4 | PGW | S | S | 5 |
| 28 | Sato et al. [39] | 2020 | PDAC | 83 | PB | T2N2M0 R0 | 22 | TG | 2 | 25 | PGW | S + ADJ CHT | S (PG) | 30 |
| 29 | Rothermel et al. [40] | 2020 | PDAC | 61 | PB | T3N0M0 R0 | 25 | TG | 3 | 42 | PGW | S + ADJ CHT | NEOADJ CHT + S (PG) + ADJ CHT | 72 |
| 30 | Hayasaka et al. [41] | 2020 | PDAC | 75 | PT | T1N0M0 | 22 | TG | 3 | 2 | GW | S + ADJ CHT | S (PG) | NA |
| 31 | Okamoto et al. [42] | 2020 | PDAC | 72 | PT | T3N1M0 R0 | 22 | TG | 5 | 0.3 | PGW | NEOADJ CHT + S + ADJ CHT | Included in the tumor management | 9 |
| 32 | Kojima et al. [17] | 2021 | PDAC | 81 | PT | T1N1M1 R0 | 22 | TG | 4 | 0.1 | PGW | S + ADJ CHT | Included in the tumor management | 8 |
| 33 | Nakatsubo et al. [43] | 2021 | PDAC | 67 | PH | IIB R1 | 22 | TD | 2 | 0 | D | S | Included in the tumor management | NA |
| 34 | Uozumi et al. [44] | 2021 | PDAC | 77 | PT | T2N0M0 | 22 | TG | 2 | 0 | Pancreas | S + ADJ CHT | Included in the tumor management | 26 |
| 35–41 | Kanno et al. [45] | 2021 | PDAC | NA | PT | NA | 21, 22, 25 | TG | NA | NA | PGW | NA | NA | NA |
| 42 | Lovecek et al. [46] | 2022 | PDAC | 65 | PT | T3N1M0 R0 G1 | 22 | TG | 2–4 | 33 | PGW | NEOADJ + RT + S | S (PG) + ADJ CHT | 56 |
| 43 | Lovecek et al. [46] | 2022 | PDAC | 71 | PT | T1N0M0 R0 G2 | 22 | TG | 2–4 | 27 | PGW | S + ADJ CHT | S (PG) + ADJ CHT | 82 |
| 44 | Lovecek et al. [46] | 2022 | PDAC | 75 | PH | T3N0M0 R0 G3 | 22 | TG | 2–4 | 19 | GW | S + ADJ CHT | S (PG) | 28 |
| 45 | Mizumoto et al. [47] | 2022 | PDAC | 45 | PT | NA | 22 | TG | 3 | 1 | Pancreas | CHT (PALL) | Included in the tumor management | 20 |
| 46 | Archibugi et al. | 2022 | PDAC | 57 | PT | T2N0M0 R0 G3 | 25 | TG | 2 | 9 | PGW | S +ADJ CHT | S (PG) + ADJ CHT | 25 |
Abbreviations: PDAC = pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; PT = pancreas tail; PB = pancreas body; PH = pancreas head; TG = trans-gastric; TP = trans-papillary TD = trans-duodenal; D = duodenum; S = surgery; NA = not available; GEJ = gastro-esophageal junction; GW = gastric wall; PGW = posterior gastric wall; G = gastrectomy; PG = partial gastrectomy; CL = coeliac lymph node; ADJ = adjuvant; NEOADJ = neoadjuvant; PALL = palliative; CHT = chemotherapy; RT = radiotherapy.