Table 6.
Association between infant health status and human milk fatty acids levels during lactation.
| Fatty Acids in Human Milk | Infants with a Health Condition (n = 14) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate β a (95% CI) |
p-Value | Adjusted Estimate β b (95% CI) |
Adjusted p-Value |
|
| C10:0 | −0.14 (−0.49, 0.20) | 0.257 | −0.16 (−0.43, 0.11) | 0.241 |
| C12:0 | −0.79 (−2.21, 0.63) | 0.219 | −0.63 (−1.76, 0.49) | 0.267 |
| C14:0 | −0.99 (−2.42, 0.43) | 0.121 | −0.45 (−1.51, 0.61) | 0.399 |
| C16:0 | −2.61 (−5.58, 0.35) | 0.057 | −1.51 (−3.85, 0.82) | 0.200 |
| C18:0 | −0.17 (−1.49, 1.14) | 0.415 | −0.92 (−1.95, 0.11) | 0.081 |
| C20:0 | −0.02 (−0.07, 0.02) | 0.564 | −0.02 (−0.06, 0.01) | 0.193 |
| C22:0 | 0.03 (−0.01, 0.08) | 0.055 | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.06) | 0.152 |
| C23:0 | 0.00 (−0.26, 0.26) | 0.492 | −0.01 (−0.22, 0.19) | 0.902 |
| C24:0 | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.03) | 0.003 | 0.03 (0.01, 0.06) | 0.004 |
| SFAs | −4.42 (−9.34, 0.49) | 0.028 | −3.34 (−7.39, 0.69) | 0.103 |
| C14:1 | −0.01 (−0.09, 0.07) | 0.216 | −0.01 (−0.07, 0.04) | 0.646 |
| C18:1n-7 | −2.52 (−10.96, 5.91) | 0.326 | −2.17 (−7.53, 3.17) | 0.417 |
| C18:1n-9 | 0.29 (−9.19, 9.79) | 0.575 | −0.11 (−6.60, 6.37) | 0.971 |
| C20:1n-9 | −0.04 (−0.14, 0.05) | 0.845 | −0.01 (−0.08, 0.07) | 0.898 |
| C22:1n-9 | −0.01 (−0.16, 0.12) | 0.512 | 0.08 (−0.04, 0.20) | 0.182 |
| MUFAs | −2.14 (−7.01, 2.71) | 0.540 | −2.39 (−5.76, 0.97) | 0.160 |
| C18:2n-6 (LA) | 3.01 (−2.58, 8.62) | 0.140 | 2.86 (−1.10, 6.83) | 0.153 |
| C18:3n-6 (GLA) | −0.01 (−0.05, 0.03) | 0.762 | −0.01 (−0.04, 0.02) | 0.664 |
| C20:2n-6 | 0.21 (−0.11, 0.54) | 0.138 | 0.19 (−0.09, 0.47) | 0.180 |
| C20:3n-6 | −0.01 (−0.12, 0.08) | 0.773 | 0.01 (−0.07, 0.10) | 0.719 |
| C20:4n-6 (AA) | 0.09 (−0.03, 0.22) | 0.009 | 0.12 (0.02, 0.21) | 0.013 |
| C22:2n-6 | 0.09 (−1.96, 2.15) | 0.683 | −0.14 (−1.96, 1.66) | 0.873 |
| C22:4n-6 | 0.04 (−0.07, 0.16) | 0.041 | 0.08 (−0.01, 0.16) | 0.065 |
| C22:5n-6 | 0.09 (0.02, 0.16) | 0.010 | 0.06 (0.01, 0.12) | 0.015 |
| N-6 | 4.60 (−1.78, 10.99) | 0.155 | 3.73 (−0.83, 8.30) | 0.107 |
| C18:3n-3 (ALA) | 0.78 (0.05, 1.52) | 0.036 | 0.44 (−0.17, 1.07) | 0.155 |
| C20:5n-3 (EPA) | −0.04 (−0.15, 0.06) | 0.902 | −0.04 (−0.12, 0.04) | 0.319 |
| C22:5n-3 | −0.01 (−0.14, 0.11) | 0.155 | 0.06 (−0.04, 0.16) | 0.264 |
| C22:6n-3 (DHA) | 0.11 (−0.09, 0.31) | 0.06 | 0.11 (−0.04, 0.27) | 0.171 |
| N-3 | 0.83 (−0.03, 1.70) | 0.014 | 0.67 (−0.02, 1.37) | 0.059 |
| PUFAs | 5.21 (−1.28, 11.71) | 0.060 | 4.27 (−0.46, 9.01) | 0.076 |
| N6/N3 | −5.51 (−18.27, 7.24) | 0.321 | −4.07 (−13.48, 5.33) | 0.388 |
a Unadjusted linear mixed model based on the terms time (i.e., stage of lactation), infant health status variable and variable * time (Infants without health condition are the reference group). b Adjusted for time, maternal age, mother’s post-pregnancy BMI, infant’s feeding pattern, infant sex.