Table 2.

Some mushroom species, along with their anti-tumor activities.

Mushroom Specie	Extract/Bioactive Compound	Cancer Type	Study Type	Outcomes	Ref
Boletus edulis	Polysaccharide	Breast	In vitro (Ca761, MDA-MB231 cells)	Proliferation inhibition and mitochondrial apoptosis.	[149]
	Antitumor protein	Non-small cell lung cancer	In vivo and in vitro (A549 cells)	Cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and apoptosis.	[151,152]
Boletus edulis, Coriolus versicolor	Silver nanoparticles	Colorectal, breast and hepatocellular carcinoma	In vitro (HT-29, MCF-7, HUH-7 cells)	Cell viability inhibition by proliferation inhibition and ROS-generated apoptosis.	[150]
Cantharellus cibarius, Coprinus comatus, Lactarius deliciosus, Lycoperdon perlatum	Ethanol and water extracts	Glioblastoma	In vitro (LN-18, U87MG cells)	Proliferation inhibition, cell cycle arrest at G1 and G2/M phase induced apoptosis, metallo-proteinases inactivation.	[153]
Innotus obliquus	Hot water extract	Breast	In vivo (mice)	Anticancer activity by innate immunity activation	[154]
Ganoderma lucidum	Spore oil	Breast	In vitro (MDA-MB231 cells), in vivo (mice)	Mitochondrial apoptosis	[155]
Pleurotus highking	Purified fraction III	Breast	In vitro (HCC-1937, MDA-MB-231 cells)	Akt signaling suppression induced proliferation and migration inhibition	[156]
Lignosus tigris	Cold water extract	Breast	In vitro (MCF-7 cells), in vivo (mice)	Proliferation inhibition, signaling pathways induced apoptosis, and tumor growth inhibition.	[157]
Sarcodon imbricatus	Water extract	Breast	In vitro, in vivo (MCF-7, 4T1 cells)	Tumor growth inhibition by inhibiting migration and invasion of tumor cells and immunomodulatory activity.	[158]
Taiwanofungus camphoratus	Mycelia broth	Adenocarci-noma	In vitro (A549 cells)	Caspase-3 and ROS-induced apoptosis.	[159]
Ganoderma neojaponicum	Butanol, chloroform, hexane, and water extracts	Colon	In silico (HT29 and CT 116 cells), in vitro	Proliferation inhibition by apoptosis induction.	[160]
Hexagonia glabra	Water, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extract	Cervical cancer	In vitro (CaSki, HeLa, and SiHa cells)	Apoptosis induced by cell cycle arrest at G2/M and increased expression of caspase-3 and -9.	[161]
Calocyba indica	Ethanol extract	Pancreatic	In vitro (MIAPaCa2 and PANC-1 cells)	Modulation of p53 and caspase-3 and -9-induced apoptosis and growth inhibition.	[162]
Fomitopsis pinicola	Ethanol extract	Prostate cancer	In vivo (Mouse model-PCa cells)	Reduction in tumor growth.	[163]
Ganoderma lucidum	Ethanol extract	Hepatocarci-noma	In vitro (SK-Hep1 and QGY7703), in vivo (mice)	Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathways inhibition-mediated anticancer activity.	[164]
	Water extract	Glioblastoma	In vitro (GBM8901 and U87MG cells)	Proliferation suppression, cell cycle arrest at S-phase, mitochondrial apoptosis.	[165]
Ganoderma tsugae	Ethanol extract	Endometrial	In vitro (KLE, AN3 CA, and HEC-1-A cells)	Proliferation inhibition, G1/S phase cell arrest, Akt signaling pathway inhibition, mitochondrial apoptosis.	[166]
Heterobasidion annosum	Methanol extract	Colon	In vivo (mice)	Proliferation suppression by Akt signaling pathway.	[167]
Termitomyces clypeatus	Water soluble extract	Astrocytoma	In vitro (HepG2, U373MG, Y-79, MDA-MB-468, U937, HL-60, OAW-42, A549 cells), in vivo (Swiss albino mice)	Anti-tumor effect	[168]
Antrodia cinnamonea	Crude ethanol extract	Bladder	In vitro (tsgh-8301, RT4, T24 cells)	Cell death was mediated by anti-migratory activity and down-regulation of cyclin B1 and CDC2	[169]