Table 1.
Patients’ characteristics in all patients.
| All Patients | Symptomatic Group | Asymptomatic Group | p-Value # | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients’ number | 374 | 242 | 132 | |
| Male, n (%) | 192 (51.3) | 126 (52.0) | 66 (50) | 0.75 |
| Age, median (range), years | 74 (34–105) | 72 (34–105) | 76 (44–98) | <0.01 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 120 (32.1) | 56 (23.1) | 64 (48.5) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 162 (43.3) | 93 (38.4) | 69 (52.3) | <0.05 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 76 (20.3) | 37 (15.3) | 39 (29.5) | <0.01 |
| Any of the above 3 diseases, n (%) | 265 (70.9) | 160 (66.1) | 105 (79.5) | <0.01 |
| History of other cancer, n (%) | 70 (17.7) | 34 (14.0) | 36 (26.9) | <0.01 |
| History of heavy drinking (ethanol ≥100 g/day) | 19 (5.1) | 9 (3.7) | 10 (7.6) | 0.13 |
| History of smoking, n/N (%) | 197/373 (52.8) | 115/241 (47.7) | 82/132 (62.1) | <0.01 |
| Family history of PC | ||||
| (≤1st degree), n/N (%) | 27/289 (9.3) | 15/180 (8.3) | 12/109 (11.0) | 0.53 |
| (≤2nd degree), n/N (%) | 30/289 (10.4) | 18/180 (10) | 12/109 (11.0) | 0.84 |
| PDAC, IPMN-derived carcinoma, n | 355, 19 | 235, 7 | 120, 12 | <0.05 |
| Localization of PC | ||||
| uncus, head, groove, head~body, body, body~tail, tail | 35, 119, 8, 11, 104, 30, 67 | 24, 81, 9, 6, 64, 19, 39 | 7, 38, 3, 5, 40, 11, 28 | |
| tail, n (%) | 67 (17.9) | 39 (16.1) | 28 (21.2) | 0.26 |
| Tumor size * median (range), mm | 34 (0–128) | 66 (0–128) | 25 (0–100) | <0.001 |
| Clinical or pathological Stage (UICC 8th) | ||||
| 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 | 12, 8, 144, 41, 169 | 1, 1, 66, 35, 139 | 11, 7, 78, 6, 30 | |
| 0, 1, 2, n (%) | 164 (43.9) | 68 (28.1) | 96 (72.7) | <0.001 |
| Therapy | ||||
| BST, n (%) | 76 (20.3) | 57 (23.6) | 19 (14.4) | <0.05 |
| Chemotherapy | 158 | 128 | 30 | |
| Radiation | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| Excision, n (%) | 138 (36.9) | 56 (23.1) | 82 (62.1) | <0.001 |
| BMI, median (range), kg/mm2 | 21.9 (13.6–35.2) n = 371 | 21.6 (14.3–35.2) n = 240 | 22.5 (13.6–34.3) n = 131 | 0.13 |
| BMI < 18.5, n (%) | 67 (18.1) | 48 (20) | 19 (8.2) | 0.06 |
| 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 | 323 | 155 | 77 | |
| 25 ≤ BMI | 72 | 37 | 35 | |
| CA19-9, median (range), U/mL | 239 (<2–26,165,454) | 557 (<2–26,165,454) | 104 (<2–7,575,434) | <0.01 |
| AMY, median (range), U/L | 68 (12–902) n = 373 | 63 (12–902) n = 242 | 77 (13–372) n = 131 | <0.05 |
| Alb, median (range), g/dL | 4.0 (12–90.2) n = 371 | 4.0 (2.2–5) n = 241 | 4.1 (2.5–5.2) n = 130 | <0.01 |
| NLR, median (range) | 3.4 (0.6–27.7) n = 372 | 3.6 (0.6–27.7) n = 241 | 2.8 (0.69–12.5) n = 131 | <0.001 |
| PNI, median (range) | 47.6 (26.6–80.1) n = 370 | 46.5 (26.6–61.7) n = 240 | 48.8 (28.3–80.1) n = 130 | <0.01 |
* Tumor size was calculated using the solid part. We had several data defectiveness, and “n” in the table shows analyzed patient number and “n/N” in the table shows positive number/analyzed number. # Statistical analysis was performed to compare the differences between the asymptomatic and symptomatic groups. PC: pancreatic cancer, PDAC: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, IPMN: intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, UICC 8th: Union for International Cancer Control 8th edition, BST: best supportive therapy, BMI: body mass index, CA19-9: serum level of carbohydrate antigen 19-9, AMY: serum level of amylase, Alb: serum level of albumin, NLR: neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, PNI: prognostic nutrition index.