Figure 1.

Establishment of engineered nanovesicles of fibroblasts (FB-eNVs). Schematic illustration of the generation and purification of FB-eNVs. The fibroblasts were extruded through 10-, 5-, and 1-µM membranes and subsequently filtered through 0.45-µM filters. The filtered, unpurified samples were ultracentrifuged and purified using OptiPrep density gradient ultracentrifugation. The figure was created using BioRender.com.