Table 1.
Overview of different strategies for the treatment of AD.
| Strategies | Targets | Drugs or Methods | Anticipating Function | Side Effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lowering Aβ | ADAM 10 | Retinoid acitretin PEP3 |
Activating ADAM10 Upregulating the postsynaptic localization and activity of ADAM10 |
Perturbed unspecific substrates besides APP |
| BACE1 | Verubecestat Lanabecestat |
BACE1 inhibitor | Perturbed unspecific substrates besides APP | |
| γ-secretase | Semagacestat Avagacestat |
γ-secretase inhibitor | Perturbed unspecific substrates besides APP | |
| Aβ-oligomer | Aducanumab | Aβ-oligomer antibody | Encephaledema | |
| Increasing insulin signaling | Insulin deficiency | Intranasal insulin administration | Increasing insulin level in CNS | - |
| Insulin insensitivity | Metformin | Increasing insulin insensitivity | - | |
| PPARγ | Pioglitazone Rosiglitazone |
Increasing insulin insensitivity | Edema and weight gain | |
| Limiting tau phosphorylation | GSK3β | Lithium Tideglusib |
GSK3β inhibitor | Perturbed unspecific substrates besides tau |
| PP2A | SEW2871 Zinc chelator clioquinol |
PP2A activator | Perturbed unspecific substrates besides tau | |
| Restrict inflammations | Microglia | GW2580 PLX5622 PLX3397 |
Depletion and repopulation of microglia | - |