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. 2022 Dec 14;11(24):4033. doi: 10.3390/foods11244033

Table 3.

Application types of the most frequently mentioned supplements among vegans, in percent (n in parentheses).

Total
n
p.o. muc. s.c. i.m. f.f. p.o.+
muc.
p.o.+
f.f.
p.o.+
i.m.
Other Not Specified
Vitamin B12 235 44.7%
(105)
34.5%
(81)
7.2%
(17)
2.1%
(5)
1.3%
(3)
2.1%
(5)
1.3%
(3)
0.1%
(1)
3.8%
(9)
2.6%
(6)
Vitamin D 152 44.1%
(67)
33.6%
(51)
5.9%
(9)
2.6%
(4)
0.7%
(1)
2.6%
(4)
2%
(3)
0.7%
(1)
6.6%
(10)
1.3%
(2)
Omega-3 45 46.7%
(21)
29%
(13)
4.4%
(2)
4.4%
(2)
4.4%
(2)
2.2%
(1)
2.2%
(1)
0 6.7%
(3)
0
Iron 28 53.6%
(15)
28.6%
(8)
0 0 7.1%
(2)
3.6%
(1)
3.6%
(1)
0 3.6%
(1)
0
Iodine 25 48%
(12)
12%
(8)
0 0 4%
(1)
0 4%
(1)
0 12%
(3)
0
Calcium 22 45.5%
(10)
36.4
(8)
4.5%
(1)
0 9.1%
(2)
0 0 0 4.5%
(1)
0
Zinc 14 50%
(7)
28.6%
(4)
7.1%
(1)
7.1%
(1)
0 0 7.1%
(1)
0 0 0
Magnesium 11 45.6%
(5)
27.3%
(3)
9.1%
(1)
0 0 0 0 0 18.2%
(2)
0
Selenium 9 66.7%
(6)
22.2%
(2)
0 0 0 0 0 0 11.1%
(1)
0
Total 541 45.8%
(248)
32.9%
(178)
5.7%
(31)
2.2%
(12)
2%
(11)
2%
(11)
1.8%
(10)
0.4%
(2)
5.5%
(30)
1.5%
(8)

p.o. = per os/oral; muc. = mucosal, via oral mucosa; s.c. = subcutaneous; i.m. = intramuscular; f.f. = fortified foods.