Table 1.

Examples of application of real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Field	Application	References
Gene expression analysis	Analysis of wireless fidelity radiofrequency radiation on the expression of E. coli genes that potentially alter its pathogenic traits	[23]
	Examination of plant gene expression impacting lignin synthesis for plant cell wall structure	[24]
	Analysis of gene expression as a potential biomarker for early-stage diagnosis in colorectal tumor and cancer patients	[25]
	Examination of microRNA expression profile in response to viral infection	[26]
Detection of mutation	Detection of mutation patterns in human cancer cells	[27,28]
	Detection and quantitative analysis of mutation for monitoring drug resistance	[29,30]
Food Analysis	Detection of genetically modified organisms (GMO)	[31,32,33]
	Detection of allergens in food	[34]
	Detection of pork in food products	[35]
Bioremediation monitoring	Monitoring microbial degradation	[36,37,38,39]
Detection and quantification of pathogens	Detection of pathogenic bacteria	[40]
	Identification of microbial species as etiology of a disease	[41]
	Molecular bacterial load assay (i.e., Mycobacterium tuberculosis)	[42]
	Determination of growth fitness of plasmodium parasites	[43]
	Detection of pathogenic RNA viruses	[3,44,45]
	Diagnosis of pathogenic DNA viruses	[46]
	Analysis of viral load associated with clinical features of the disease	[8,47,48]