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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
A novel 3D dynamic cell culture method. (a) 3D printed hollow porous scaffold (HPS) as cell carrier. (b) Fluorescent images showing cell (staining with FDA) growth on HPS. (c) The 3D dynamic culture system consists of the cell-seeded HPS, a bioreactor, and a rolling device.