Table 4.

Summary of genes described versus immune system in IBD.

Gene Group	Name of the Gene	Function
Genes associated with molecular pattern recognition of pathogens	NOD2/CARD15, CARD9	Activation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and regulation of inflammation and cell apoptosis.
Genes associated with autophagy	ATG16L1, IRGM, LRRK2	Key role in regulating the interaction between the gut microbiota and innate and acquired immunity, and in host defense against intestinal pathogens.
Genes associated with lymphocyte differentiation	IL23R	Activation and development of the Th17 lineage and its effects on dendritic cells and macrophages leading to the production of various pro-inflammatory molecules.
Genes encoding interleukins	IL-10	An anti-inflammatory cytokine that inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Genes encoding the protein	TNFSF15	The TNFSF15 gene product (TL1A) is a TNF-like factor that is expressed in endothelial cells, macrophages and lymphocytes of the intestinal lamina propria.