Table 2.

Certainty of evidence for passive range of motion of shoulder external rotation.

Quality Assessment						Summary of Findings, SMD (95% CI)
Number of Participants (Studies), Follow-Up Period	Risk of Bias	Inconsistency	Indirectness	Imprecision	Publication Bias	Passive ROM of Shoulder External Rotation	Certainty of Evidence
170 (4), till loss of follow or surgical intervention	Serious limitation a	No serious limitation b	No serious limitation c	No serious limitation d	Undetectable	0.672 (0.444, 0.899)	Low ⨁⨁◯◯ e

BoNT, botulinum neurotoxin; CI, confidence interval; SMD, standardized mean difference. ^a Half of the included studies scored high risk of bias in at least one category. ^b I² score was below 50%. ^c No indirectness was detected in this outcome. ^d The upper and lower limit of 95% CI both favored BoNT. ^e ⨁◯◯◯ indicates very low, ⨁⨁◯◯ indicates low, ⨁⨁⨁◯ indicates moderate, and ⨁⨁⨁⨁ indicates high certainty of evidence.