Table 1.

Performance comparison of lung nodule segmentation on the LUNA16 and FUSCC test datasets. DSC, JA, and HD95 are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) (95% confidence interval). The best two results are indicated in red and blue. ↑: larger is better, ↓: smaller is better.

Method		LUNA16						FUSCC
	U- Net	U-Net++	RUN	Attention U-Net	Huang et al.	CE- Net	OUR-Net	U- Net	U-Net++	Attention U-Net	CE- Net	OUR-Net
DSC ↑	0.676 ± 0.004	0.747 ± 0.003	0.719 N/A	0.772 ± 0.006	0.793 N/A	0.825 ± 0.002	0.835 ± 0.002	0.686 ± 0.003	0.767 ± 0.009	0.816 ± 0.006	0.864 ± 0.003	0.868 ± 0.001
JA ↑	0.511 ± 0.004	0.596 ± 0.004	0.561 N/A	0.628 ± 0.008	0.657 N/A	0.702 ± 0.002	0.717 ± 0.003	0.522 ± 0.003	0.621 ± 0.012	0.675 ± 0.008	0.761 ± 0.004	0.767 ± 0.002
HD95 ↓	13.906 ± 1.200	9.593 ± 2.857	N/A	6.041 ± 0.008	N/A	4.161 ± 0.127	3.722 ± 0.226	20.036 ± 0.705	18.402 ± 0.965	10.293 ± 1.595	5.427 ± 0.114	5.354 ± 0.389
SE ↑	0.705	0.746	N/A	0.907	N/A	0.819	0.865	0.883	0.801	0.910	0.881	0.884
SP ↑	0.972	0.973	N/A	0.982	N/A	0.983	0.991	0.969	0.981	0.980	0.986	0.987
Sm ↑	0.844	0.890	N/A	0.869	N/A	0.912	0.915	0.807	0.892	0.885	0.916	0.919
Em ↑	0.824	0.888	N/A	0.907	N/A	0.951	0.955	0.814	0.885	0.916	0.961	0.962
MAE ↓	0.121	0.087	N/A	0.088	N/A	0.019	0.015	0.137	0.091	0.086	0.026	0.026