Skip to main content
. 2022 Dec 8;23(24):15576. doi: 10.3390/ijms232415576
5-AZA 5-Azacytidine
α-CTLA-4 Alpha-Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-associated Protein 4
α-PD-L1 Alpha-Programmed death-ligand 1
αSMA Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin
AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase
AP-1 Activator protein 1
Arg2 Arginase 2
Bcl-2 B-Cell Lymphoma 2
BM Bone Marrow
BMP2 Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2
CAFs Cancer-associated Fibroblasts
CAR Chimeric Antigen Receptor
CAV-1 Caveolin-1
CCL2 C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2
CCR2 C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 2
Chi3L1 Chitinase-3-like protein 1
COXs Cyclooxygenases
CRC Colorectal Carcinoma
CTGF Connective Tissue Growth Factor
CXCL Chemokine (C-X-C motif) Ligand
CXCR C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DTR Diphtheria Toxin Receptor
E2 17β-Estradiol
ECM Extracellular Matrix
EGF Epidermal Growth Factor
EGFR Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
EMAP II Endothelial Monocyte Activating Polypeptide II
EMT Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition
EndMT Endothelial-to-mesenchymal Transition
EP 1-4 E-type prostanoid receptors 1-4
EPCs Endothelial Progenitor Cells
ERK Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase
FACS Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting
FAFs Fibrosis-associated Fibroblasts
FAK Focal Adhesion Kinase
FAPα Fibroblast Activation Protein-α
FASL Fas Ligand
FGF Fibroblast Growth Factor
FLI1 Friend Leukemia Integration 1 Transcription Factor
FSP-1 Fibroblast-specific Protein 1
G1 1-(4-(6-bromobenzo [1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]quinolin-8-yl)-Ethanone
GEM Gemcitabine
GFRs Growth Factor Receptors
GLI Glioma-associated Oncogene
GPER G-Protein-coupled Estrogen Receptor
HA Hyaluronic acid
HCC Hepatocellular Carcinoma
HGF Hepatocyte Growth Factor
HGSOC High-grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
HIF1-α Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1-alpha
HLA Human Leukocyte Antigen
HNSCC Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
HPCs Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells
HSF1 Heat Shock Factor 1
iCAFs Inflammatory-like Cancer-associated Fibroblasts
ICAM Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1
IDH3 Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 3
IDO1 Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1
IGF Insulin-like Growth Factor
IGFR Insulin Growth Factor Receptor
IL Interleukin
JAK/STAT Janus kinase-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription
KLF5 Kruppel-like Factor 5
LCC Lewis Lung Cancer
LPA Lipoprotein A
MAF Metastasis-associated Fibroblasts
MAPK Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase
MDSCs Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells
MEK Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase
MET Methionine
MMPs Matrix metalloproteinases
MSCs Mesenchymal Stem Cells
mTOR Mammalian Target of Rapamycin
myCAFs Myofibroblast-like Cancer-associated Fibroblasts
NAFs Normal Activated Fibroblasts
NF-κβ Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NGF Nerve Growth Factor
NK Natural Killer
NSCLC Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
OPN Osteopontin
PD-L Programmed Cell Death-ligand
PDAC Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
PDGF Platelet-derived Growth Factor
PDGF-BB Platelet-derived Growth Factor-BB
PDK1 3-Phosphoinositide protein kinase-1
PGE2 Prostaglandin E2
PI3K Phosphoinositide-3-kinase
PIP3 Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate
POSTN Periostin
PSCs Pancreatic Stellate Cells
PTCH Protein Patched Homolog
PTEN Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog
ROCK Rho-associated Protein Kinase
ROS Reactive Oxygen Species
RNI Reactive Nitrogen intermediates
SDF-1 Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1
SHH Sonic Hedgehog
Smo Smoothened
SOCS1 Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling 1
Sox2 SRY-Box Transcription Factor 2
SPARC Secreted Protein Acidic and Cysteine Rich
SRF Serum Response Factor
STAT3 Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3
TAMs Tumour-associated Macrophages
TCF Ternary Complex Factor
TGF-β Transforming Growth Factor beta
Tie1/2 Tyrosine Kinase with Immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like Domains 1/2
TIMP-1 Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1
TME Tumour Microenvironment
TN-C Tenascin-C
TNF Tumor Necrosis Factor
VCAM Vascular Cellular Adhesion Molecule
VEGF Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
VEGFR Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
VIM Vimentin
Vit Vitamine
WFDC1 WAP Four-Disulfide Core Domain 1
YAP1 Yes-associated Protein-1