Table 2.
Distribution of health characteristics, N = 440.
| n | (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Physical activity | ||
| I do not currently exercise | 98 | (22.3) |
| I exercise sometimes | 293 | (66.6) |
| I exercise regularly | 49 | (11.1) |
| Average of sleep hours a | ||
| ≤6 h (Not Recommended) | 151 | (34.3) |
| 7–9 h (Recommended) | 270 | (61.4) |
| ≥10 (Not Recommended) | 19 | (4.3) |
| Is your smartphone keep you awake at night | ||
| Yes | 358 | (81.4) |
| No | 82 | (18.6) |
| If yes, up to | ||
| 12 am | 130 | (36.3) |
| After 12 am | 228 | (63.7) |
| Do you use your smartphone while walking? | ||
| Yes | 141 | (32.0) |
| No | 299 | (68.0) |
| Do you use your smartphone while driving? | ||
| Yes | 57 | (13.0) |
| No | 193 | (43.2) |
| Not applicable | 190 | (43.2) |
| Do you eat while using smartphone? | ||
| Yes | 169 | (38.4) |
| No | 271 | (61.6) |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) b | ||
| Underweight (≤18.4) | 47 | (10.7) |
| Healthy weight (18.5–24.9) | 271 | (61.6) |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 89 | (20.2) |
| Obese (≥30.0) | 33 | (7.5) |
| Experienced pain | ||
| Shoulder | ||
| Yes | 163 | (37.0) |
| No | 277 | (63.0) |
| Eyes | ||
| Yes | 253 | (57.5) |
| No | 187 | (42.5) |
| Neck | ||
| Yes | 203 | (46.1) |
| No | 237 | (53.9) |
| Hands | ||
| Yes | 192 | (43.6) |
| No | 248 | (56.4) |
| PHQ-4 c | ||
| Anxiety (GAD-2) | ||
| Anxiety | 155 | (35.2) |
| Non-Anxiety | 285 | (64.8) |
| Depression (PHQ-2) | ||
| Depressed | 147 | (33.4) |
| Non-Depressed | 293 | (66.6) |
a Average sleep time was a continuous variable but it is categorized into “recommended” and “not recommended” times according to the Sleep Foundation (https://www.sleepfoundation.org/press-release/national-sleep-foundation-recommends-new-sleep-times, accessed on 1 June 2022). b BMI was calculated by using participants’ weight and height data. c GAD-2 and PHQ-2 Scores of ≥3 indicate a positive screening for anxiety and depression symptoms.