Table 4.
Comparison between physical health and mental well-being information between smartphone-addicted and non-smartphone-addicted groups, N = 440.
| Non-Smartphone Addicted |
Smartphone Addicted |
df | X2 (440) |
p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical Activity | n | (%) | n | (%) | 2 | 9.711 | 0.008 |
| I do not currently exercise | 26 | (15.3) | 72 | (26.7) | |||
| I exercise sometimes | 119 | (70.0) | 174 | (64.4) | |||
| I exercise regularly | 25 | (14.7) | 24 | (8.9) | |||
| Average of sleep hours a | 2 | 6.657 | 0.036 | ||||
| ≤6 h (Not Recommended) | 48 | (28.2) | 103 | (38.1) | |||
| 7–9 h (Recommended) | 111 | (65.3) | 159 | (58.9) | |||
| ≥10 (Not Recommended) | 11 | (6.5) | 8 | (3.0) | |||
| Is your smartphone keep you awake at night? | 1 | 26.09 | 0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 118 | (69.4) | 240 | (88.9) | |||
| No | 52 | (30.6) | 30 | (11.1) | |||
| If yes, up to | 1 | 5.632 | 0.018 | ||||
| 12 am | 53 | (44.9) | 77 | (32.1) | |||
| After 12 am | 65 | (55.1) | 163 | (67.9) | |||
| Do you use your smartphone while walking? | 1 | 16.70 | 0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 35 | (20.6) | 106 | (39.3) | |||
| No | 135 | (79.4) | 164 | (60.7) | |||
| Do you use your smartphone while driving? | 1 | 14.62 | 0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 11 | (10.7) | 46 | (31.3) | |||
| No | 92 | (89.3) | 101 | (68.7) | |||
| Do you eat while using smartphone? | 1 | 4.295 | 0.038 | ||||
| Yes | 55 | (32.4) | 114 | (42.2) | |||
| No | 115 | (67.6) | 156 | (57.8) | |||
| Body Mass Index (BMI) b | 3 | 9.204 | 0.027 | ||||
| Underweight (≤18.4) | 22 | (12.9) | 25 | (9.3) | |||
| Healthy weight (18.5–24.9) | 114 | (67.1) | 157 | (58.1) | |||
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 23 | (13.5) | 66 | (24.4) | |||
| Obese (≥30.0) | 11 | (6.5) | 22 | (8.1) | |||
| Experienced pain | |||||||
| Shoulder | 1 | 5.896 | 0.015 | ||||
| Yes | 51 | (30.0) | 112 | (41.5) | |||
| No | 119 | (70.0) | 158 | (58.5) | |||
| Eyes | 1 | 13.79 | 0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 79 | (46.5) | 174 | (64.4) | |||
| No | 91 | (53.5) | 96 | (35.6) | |||
| Neck | 1 | 13.10 | 0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 60 | (35.3) | 143 | (53.0) | |||
| No | 110 | (64.7) | 127 | (47.0) | |||
| Hands | 1 | 5.784 | 0.016 | ||||
| Yes | 62 | (36.5) | 130 | (48.1) | |||
| No | 108 | (63.5) | 140 | (51.9) | |||
| PHQ-4 | |||||||
| Anxiety | 1 | 9.310 | 0.002 | ||||
| Anxiety | 45 | (26.5) | 110 | (40.7) | |||
| Non-Anxiety | 125 | (73.5) | 160 | (59.3) | |||
| Depression | 1 | 13.64 | 0.001 | ||||
| Depressed | 39 | (22.9) | 108 | (40.0) | |||
| Non-Depressed | 131 | (77.1) | 162 | (60.0) | |||
a Average of sleep hours was a continuous variable but it is categorized into recommended and not recommended times according to Sleep Foundation (https://www.sleepfoundation.org/press-release/national-sleep-foundation-recommends-new-sleep-times, accessed on 1 June 2022). b BMI was calculated by using participation’s weight and height data.