Table 4.
Outcomes related to obstetrical management. Data are expressed as n (%) or means +/− standard deviations.
| FMC Group (n = 139) |
Control Group (n = 139) |
p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mode of labor onset | Spontaneous | 80 (57.6) | 75 (54.0) | 0.59 |
| Induction | 57 (41.0) | 61 (43.9) | ||
| Cesarean section before labor | 2 (1.4) | 3 (2.2) | ||
| Mode of delivery | Spontaneous vaginal | 91 (65.5) | 77 (55.4) | 0.23 |
| Operative delivery | 29 (20.9) | 38 (27.3) | ||
| Cesarean section | 19 (13.7) | 24 (17.3) | ||
| Gestational age at delivery (days) | 290.08 +/− 1.90 | 290.46 +/− 1.89 | 0.09 | |
| Indication for labor induction | n = 57 | n = 61 | ||
| Decreased FM | 7 (12.3) | 6 (9.8) | 0.67 | |
| Abnormal FHR | 8 (14.0) | 11 (18.0) | 0.55 | |
| 41 weeks and 5 days | 51 (89.5) | 52 (82.3) | 0.49 | |
| Bishop score of >6 | 9 (15.8) | 13 (21.3) | 0.44 | |
| PROM | 9 (15.8) | 4 (6.6) | 0.11 | |
| Others | 2 (3.5) | 9 (14.8) | ||
| Labor induction method | n = 57 | n = 61 | ||
| Intravenous oxytocin | 13 (22.8) | 18 (29.5) | 0.41 | |
| Oral misoprostol | 28 (49.1) | 33 (54.1) | 0.59 | |
| Dinoprostone vaginal insertion | 8 (14.0) | 8 (13.1) | 0.88 | |
| Dinoprostone vaginal gel | 2 (3.5) | 0 (-) | 0.23 | |
| Cervical balloon | 8 (14.0) | 10 (16.4) | 0.72 | |
| Others | 2 (3.5) | 9 (14.8) | ||
| Indication for operative delivery | n = 29 | n = 38 | ||
| Abnormal FHR | 14 (48.3) | 27 (71.1) | 0.058 | |
| Inefficient expulsive effort | 19 (65.5) | 17 (44.7) | 0.16 | |
| Posterior presentation | 3 (10.3) | 1 (2.6) | 0.31 | |
| Indication for cesarean section | n = 19 | n = 24 | ||
| Abnormal FHR | 10 (52.6) | 11 (45.8) | 0.66 | |
| Failure of operative delivery | 3 (15.8) | 3 (12.5) | 0.75 | |
| Stop of cervix dilatation | 7 (36.8) | 12 (50.0) | 0.39 | |
| Others | 6 (31.6) | 5 (20.8) | ||
FMC: fetal movement counting; FM: fetal movement; FHR: fetal heart rate; PROM: pre-labor rupture of membranes.