Table 5.
Factors influencing the primary outcome. Data are expressed as n (%) or means +/− standard deviations.
| No Morbidity (n = 212) |
Neonatal Morbidity (n = 48) |
p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 30.93 +/− 4.63 | 30.33 +/− 4.54 | 0.42 | |
| <35 | 169 (79.7) | 39 (81.3) | 0.81 | |
| ≥35 | 43 (20.3) | 9 (17.3) | ||
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 25.21 +/− 5.50 | 24.28 +/− 5.39 | 0.29 | |
| <20 | 22 (10.4) | 10 (20.8) | 0.12 | |
| 20–30 | 152 (71.7) | 32 (66.7) | ||
| ≥30 | 38 (17.9) | 6 (12.5) | ||
| Parity | Primiparas | 92 (43.4) | 29 (60.4) | 0.03 |
| Multiparas | 120 (56.6) | 19 (39.6) | ||
| Obstetrical history | Vaginal delivery | 80 (31.7) | 13 (27.1) | 0.16 |
| Forceps | 11 (5.2) | 2 (4.2) | 0.77 | |
| Vacuum | 15 (7.1) | 1 (2.1) | 0.32 | |
| Cesarean section | 17 (8.0) | 2 (4.2) | 0.54 | |
| Miscarriage | 36 (17.0) | 9 (218.8) | 0.77 | |
| Ectopic pregnancy | 3 (1.4) | 1 (2.1) | 0.56 | |
| Legal abortion | 21 (9.9) | 2 (4.2) | 0.27 | |
| Therapeutic abortion | 4 (1.9) | 0 (-) | 0.34 | |
| Smoking | 18 (8.5) | 6 (12.5) | 0.41 | |
| Gestational diabetes | 24 (11.3) | 5 (10.4) | 0.86 | |
| Consultation for decreased FM | 10 (4.7) | 4 (8.3) | 0.32 | |
| <12 h | 4 (40.0) | 3 (75.0) | 0.56 | |
| ≥12 h | 6 (60.0) | 1 (25.0) | ||
| Justified consultation for decreased FM | 2 (20.0) | 2 (50.0) | 0.52 | |
| Abnormal FHR | 0 (-) | 2 (50.0) | ||
| Manning | 2 (20.0) | 0 (-) | ||
| Kleihauer | 0 (-) | 0 (-) | ||
| Mode of labor onset | Spontaneous | 128 (61.5) | 19 (39.6) | <0.01 |
| Induction | 80 (38.5) | 29 (60.4) | ||
| Mode of delivery | Spontaneous vaginal | 140 (66.0) | 17 (35.4) | <0.001 |
| Operative delivery | 42 (18.8) | 21 (43.8) | ||
| Cesarean section | 30 (14.2) | 10 (20.8) | ||
| Gestational age at delivery (days) | 290.11 +/− 1.86 | 290.81 +/− 1.84 | 0.02 | |
| Indication for labor induction | n = 80 | n = 29 | ||
| Decreased FM | 8 (10.0) | 4 (13.8) | 0.73 | |
| Abnormal FHR | 13 (16.3) | 5 (17.2) | 0.90 | |
| 41 weeks and 5 days | 68 (85.0) | 26 (89.7) | 0.75 | |
| Bishop score of >6 | 16 (20.0) | 4 (13.8) | 0.46 | |
| PROM | 9 (11.3) | 3 (10.3) | 0.89 | |
| Labor induction method | n = 80 | n = 29 | ||
| Intravenous oxytocin | 24 (30.0) | 5 (17.2) | 0.18 | |
| Oral misoprostol | 35 (43.8) | 19 (65.6) | 0.04 | |
| Dinoprostone vaginal insertion | 11 (13.8) | 5 (17.2) | 0.76 | |
| Dinoprostone vaginal gel | 2 (2.5) | 0 (-) | 0.39 | |
| Cervical balloon | 16 (20.0) | 2 (6.9) | 0.15 | |
| Indication for operative delivery | n = 42 | n = 21 | ||
| Abnormal FHR | 20 (47.6) | 18 (85.7) | <0.01 | |
| Inefficient expulsive effort | 29 (69.0) | 5 (23.8) | <0.001 | |
| Posterior presentation | 3 (7.1) | 1 (4.8) | 0.71 | |
| Indication for cesarean section | n = 30 | n = 10 | ||
| Abnormal FHR | 14 (46.7) | 7 (70.0) | 0.28 | |
| Failure of operative delivery | 4 (13.3) | 1 (10.0) | 0.78 | |
| Stop of cervix dilatation | 15 (50.0) | 3 (30.0) | 0.46 | |
BMI: body mass index; FM: fetal movement; FHR: fetal heart rate; PROM: pre-labor rupture of membrane.