Supplementation with AHR agonists rescues DCA-induced damage to ISCs differentiation. (A–D) Relative mRNA expression levels of AHR (A), CYP1A1 (B), ATOH1 (C), and MUC2 (D) in isolated crypts cultured with different administrations for 24 h (n = 4). (E) Relative protein levels and analysis of MUC2 in isolated ileal tissue cultured with different treatments for 24 h (n = 6). (F) Representative images of intestinal enteroids and analysis of enteroid budding rates after culturing for 72 h in different groups (n = 3); scale bars, 100 μm. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM. AHR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor; ISCs, intestinal stem cells; ATOH1, atonal homologue 1; NC, negative control; DCA, deoxycholic acid; FICZ, 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.