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An HFD or DCA diet induces changes in the tryptophan metabolism. (A–F) Faecal KYN concentrations (A), tryptophan concentrations (B), IDO1 activity (KYN/tryptophan) (C), IAA concentrations (D), Indole concentrations (E), and IAld concentrations (F) in different groups (n = 5). Data are shown as the mean ± SEM. KYN, kynurenine; IDO1, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1; IAA, indole-3-acetic acid; IAld, indole-3-aldehyde. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; ns, no significant difference.
