Table 3.
Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance to common oral antibiotics used in treating UTIs in Ghana among the top six GNBs and Enterococcus spp. isolated from urine samples of patients with UTIs at MDS Lancet Laboratories, Ghana, from 2017 to 2021.
| Ampicillin | Amoxicillin Clavulanate | Nitrofurantoin | Ciprofloxacin | Cefuroxime | Fosfomycin | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) 1 | n (%) 1 | n (%) 1 | n (%) 1 | n (%) 1 | n (%) 1 | |
| E. coli | N/A | 9411 (64.0) | 3575 (24.3) | 9161 (62.3) | 8851 (60.2) | 435 (2.9) |
| Klebsiella spp. | N/A | 2083 (66.9) | 1639 (52.7) | 1659 (53.3) | 1986 (63.8) | 308 (9.9) |
| Proteus spp. | N/A | 105 (9.4) | N/A | 151 (13.5) | 91 (8.13) | 6 (14.0) |
| Acinetobacter spp. | N/A | N/A | N/A | 9 (18.8) | N/A | N/A |
| Pseudomonas spp. | N/A | N/A | N/A | 41 (41) | N/A | N/A |
| Enterococcus faecalis | 9 (3.3) | N/A | 4 (1.5) | N/A | N/A | 5 (1.9) |
1 Percentages calculated with the total number of urine samples that yielded the particular species as the denominator. Antibiotics in Green belong to the Access group, and those in Yellow belong to the Watch group as per the WHO AWaRe classification 2021; UTI—urinary tract infection; GNB—gram-negative bacilli; GPC—gram-positive cocci; N/A—Not applicable (not tested for the isolate).