Table 11.

Summary of results: five impacts of STFP on carbon emission intensity.

	Empirical Main Findings
Effect I: Direct effect	STFP has a significant positive impact on carbon emission reduction in pilot cities.
Effect II: Heterogeneous effects	STFP has a positive impact on carbon emission reduction in first and second tier cities.
	STFP produces a better carbon emission reduction effect in cities with higher information levels.
Effect III: Intermediary effects	STFP contributes to the reduction in carbon emission intensity by improving total factor productivity.
	STFP promotes the carbon emission reduction effect through the agglomeration of innovation elements.
	STFP reduces carbon emission intensity by optimizing the industrial structure.
Effect IV: Interactive effect	STFP and national e-commerce demonstration cities achieve an interactive effect and jointly help cities to reduce carbon emission intensity.
Effect V: Spatial effect	STFP has a significant radiation effect; that is, it not only reduces local carbon emission intensity but also inhibits the carbon emission intensity of neighboring areas.