Table 4.
Association between consumption on the previous day of food markers of dietary patterns, gestational weight gain, and consumption of home-prepared meals of pregnant women in the Federal District, EMDI-Brazil, 2019–2021.
| Characteristics | Consumption of All Meals Prepared at Home | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude PR | CI95% | Adjusted PR | CI95% | |
| Healthy eating markers | ||||
| Rice, pasta, polenta, couscous or corn | 1.01 | 0.93–1.08 | - | |
| Potato, cassava or yam | 1.33 | 0.85–2.09 | - | |
| Beans, peas, lentils or chickpeas | 1.01 | 0.84–1.23 | - | |
| Beef, pork, chicken or fish | 0.98 | 0.88–1.08 | - | |
| Fried, boiled or scrambled egg | 1.61 | 0.84–3.08 | 1.56 | 0.83–2.95 |
| Kale, broccoli, watercress or other dark green leafy vegetables | 1.54 | 0.73–3.28 | 1.48 | 0.70–3.12 |
| Lettuce, Swiss chard, cabbage or other light green leafy vegetables | 1.52 | 0.93–2.48 | 1.49 | 0.91–2.43 |
| Pumpkin, carrots, sweet potatoes or okra/caruru | 1.85 | 1.06–3.25 | 1.84 | 1.05–3.23 * |
| Tomato, cucumber, zucchini, eggplant or any other vegetable | 0.91 | 0.70–1.20 | - | |
| Papaya, mango, yellow melon or pequi | 1.21 | 0.71–2.05 | - | |
| Orange, banana, apple, pineapple or any other fruit | 1.17 | 0.88–1.55 | 1.15 | 0.86–1.52 |
| Milk | 1.21 | 0.91–1.62 | 1.25 | 0.94–1.67 |
| Any kind of cheese | 0.76 | 0.51–1.12 | 0.75 | 0.51–1.10 |
| Unhealthy food markers | ||||
| Soft drinks | 0.55 | 0.37–0.82 | 0.49 | 0.33–0.74 * |
| Bottled or canned juice, fruit drink prepared from powdered mix | 1.09 | 0.60–1.99 | - | - |
| Chocolate drink or flavored yogurt | 0.76 | 0.45–1.28 | - | - |
| Salty snacks or crackers/cookies | 1.07 | 0.58–1.94 | - | - |
| Sweet snacks or cookies or processed cake/cupcake | 0.75 | 0.43–1.29 | - | - |
| Ice cream, chocolate, gelatin, flan or other industrialized dessert | 0.72 | 0.42–1.21 | 0.66 | 0.39–1.11 |
| Sausage, Bologna, salami or ham | 0.77 | 0.48–1.23 | 0.82 | 0.51–1.32 |
| Buns, rolls or any type of packaged breads | 0.86 | 0.52–1.43 | - | - |
| Margarine, mayonnaise, ketchup or other industrialized sauces | 0.78 | 0.59–1.04 | 0.77 | 0.58–1.02 |
| Instant noodles, packet soup, frozen lasagna or other frozen ready-to-eat dishes | 1.34 | 0.39–4.54 | - | - |
| Gestational Weight Gain | ||||
| Adequate | 1.23 | 0.84–1.79 | 1.29 | 0.89–1.87 |
Legend: n = 226; pregnant women with available gestational weight gain data = 202; PR = Prevalence Ratio; CI95% = Confidence Interval 95%; * p < 0.05; Variables with p < 0.20 in the crude analysis were selected for adjusted analysis. The following control variables were used in the adjusted analysis: schooling, household income, and paid work in the previous month; n = 226.