Table 1.

Pro-inflammatory miRNAs and their targets and functions.

miRNAs	Cell Type	Target(s)	Functions	Reference(s)
miR-155	Macrophages	FADD, IKKɛ, Ripk1	LPS-induced miR-155 promotes inflammation by inducing TNF-α secretion	[64]
miR-92a	ECs	KLF4	Atheroprone stimuli release miR-92a-laden EVs that confer pro-inflammation to macrophages	[65]
miR-200	VSMCs	Zeb-1	miR-200 expression is increased in VSMCs from diabetic mice and induces inflammation	[66]
miR-23a	M1-macrophages	A20, JAK1, STAT6	Down-regulation of miR-23a in M1-macrophages activates NF-ĸB pro-inflammatory pathway while inhibiting anti-inflammatory pathway	[67]
miR-27a	M1-macrophages	IRF-4, PPAR-γ	Same phenotypic response as miR-23a	[67]
miR-29c	Podocytes	TTP	miR-29c up-regulation in podocytes of diabetic mice induces inflammation	[68]
miR-138	Macrophages	SIRT1	LPS stimulation induces miR-138 which activates NF-ĸB pro-inflammatory signaling pathway	[69]
miR-34a/c	Epidermal keratinocytes	LGR4	miR-34a is up-regulated in wound-edge epidermal keratinocytes of venous ulcers and induces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines	[70]
miR-132	Primary pre-adipocytes	SIRT1	Serum deprivation induces miR-132 expression in human primary preadipocytes, which induces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines	[71]
let-7a	ECs	IĸBβ	In atherosclerotic ECs, the increased level of let-7a activates NF-ĸB pro-inflammatory pathway	[72]

Abbreviations: ECs, endothelial cells; VSMCs, vascular smooth muscle cells.