Table 1.
Toxicity symptoms were observed in plants exposed to carbaryl for 4, 8, and 12 days 1.
| Plant Species | Time (Days) | Carbaryl Conc. (mg L−1) | Toxicity Symptom | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pale-to-White Spots on Leave | Gray-to-Dark-Gray Root | Shrunken Leave Edge | |||
| Sunn hemp | 4 | 5 | − | − | − |
| 10 | + | + | + | ||
| 8 | 5 | ++ | + | − | |
| 10 | ++ | + | + | ||
| 12 | 5 | ++ | + | − | |
| 10 | +++ | ++ | + | ||
| Sunflower | 4 | 5 | − | − | − |
| 10 | − | − | − | ||
| 8 | 5 | − | − | − | |
| 10 | − | + | + | ||
| 12 | 5 | − | + | − | |
| 10 | − | + | + | ||
| Marigold | 4 | 5 | − | − | − |
| 10 | + | + | − | ||
| 8 | 5 | − | − | − | |
| 10 | + | + | − | ||
| 12 | 5 | − | − | − | |
| 10 | − | + | − | ||
Note: 1 Effects of carbaryl were compared on leaves and roots; +: mild effect with >80% of total chlorophyll; ++: moderate effect with >60% of total chlorophyll; +++: severe effect with <40% of total chlorophyll; −: no effect observed.