Table 3.
Descriptive statistics of spatiotemporal parameters and generalizability estimates regarding linear models describing associations with confounders age, sex, height, and weight. Abbreviations: AP: anterior-posterior; CV: cross-validation; CoV: coefficient of variation; n.u.: unitless; Q1: 25th percentile; Q3: 75th percentile; RR: Romberg ratio; SD: standard deviation.
| Spatiotemporal Parameter | Mean | SD | CoV | Q1 | Q3 | Mean for Repeated (100×) 5-Fold CV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short comfortable speed walk (SCSW); n = 126 | ||||||
| Gait speed [m/s] | 1.16 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 1.06 | 1.28 | −0.05 |
| Step length [cm] | 69.35 | 7.69 | 0.11 | 64.85 | 74.38 | 0.14 |
| Step width [cm] | 10.19 | 2.72 | 0.27 | 8.24 | 11.77 | 0.13 |
| Step duration [s] | 0.52 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.48 | 0.56 | −0.03 |
| Gait cadence [steps/min] | 112.07 | 10.55 | 0.09 | 103.97 | 120.04 | −0.04 |
| Arm angular amplitude [°] | 26.48 | 10.81 | 0.41 | 18.19 | 32.45 | −0.14 |
| Arm symmetry angle [n.u.] | 0.23 | 0.16 | 0.72 | 0.11 | 0.30 | −0.10 |
| Short maximum speed walk (SMSW); n = 90 | ||||||
| Gait speed [m/s] | 1.66 | 0.18 | 0.11 | 1.53 | 1.77 | −0.08 |
| Short line walk (SLW); n = 128 | ||||||
| Progression speed [m/s] | 0.35 | 0.10 | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.39 | −0.07 |
| Relative progression variability [%] | 0.33 | 0.08 | 0.24 | 0.27 | 0.38 | −0.09 |
| Roll sway variability [°] | 1.80 | 0.76 | 0.42 | 1.21 | 2.16 | −0.12 |
| Roll sway speed [°/s] | 5.58 | 1.90 | 0.34 | 4.37 | 6.47 | −0.14 |
| Line walk cadence [steps/min] | 71.78 | 16.35 | 0.23 | 60.50 | 81.39 | −0.07 |
| Arm variability [°] | 5.32 | 3.27 | 0.62 | 2.94 | 6.47 | −0.12 |
| Arm speed [°/s] | 18.20 | 7.54 | 0.41 | 13.24 | 20.74 | −0.06 |
| Stepping in place (SIP); n = 121 | ||||||
| Knee amplitude [m] | 0.18 | 0.06 | 0.31 | 0.15 | 0.23 | −0.15 |
| Step duration [s] | 0.83 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.74 | 0.88 | −0.11 |
| Stance duration [s] | 0.39 | 0.15 | 0.38 | 0.28 | 0.47 | 0.01 |
| Stepping cadence [steps/min] | 98.29 | 16.13 | 0.16 | 87.07 | 111.00 | −0.06 |
| Knee symmetry angle [n.u.] | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.87 | 0.02 | 0.09 | −0.14 |
| Arrhythmicity [%] | 6.00 | 0.84 | 0.14 | 5.37 | 6.50 | −0.08 |
| Standing up and sitting down (SAS); n = 90 | ||||||
| Transition time (up) [s] | 1.53 | 0.19 | 0.12 | 1.39 | 1.63 | −0.16 |
| Transition time (down) [s] | 1.66 | 0.22 | 0.13 | 1.48 | 1.80 | −0.09 |
| AP deflection range (up) [m] | 0.37 | 0.07 | 0.19 | 0.32 | 0.41 | −0.11 |
| AP deflection range (down) [m] | 0.40 | 0.08 | 0.20 | 0.34 | 0.46 | −0.11 |
| Postural control (POCO); n = 113 | ||||||
| Pitch sway range (open eyes) [°] | 0.91 | 0.43 | 0.48 | 0.59 | 1.15 | −0.13 |
| Roll sway range (open eyes) [°] | 0.89 | 0.37 | 0.42 | 0.64 | 1.09 | −0.11 |
| 3D sway range (open eyes) [°] | 0.92 | 0.41 | 0.44 | 0.67 | 1.10 | −0.14 |
| Pitch sway speed (open eyes) [°/s] | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.39 | 0.10 | 0.16 | −0.10 |
| Roll sway speed (open eyes) [°/s] | 0.15 | 0.06 | 0.37 | 0.10 | 0.18 | −0.11 |
| 3D sway speed (open eyes) [°/s] | 0.22 | 0.07 | 0.34 | 0.17 | 0.26 | −0.10 |
| Pitch sway range (closed eyes) [°] | 1.12 | 0.50 | 0.45 | 0.74 | 1.40 | −0.16 |
| Roll sway range (closed eyes) [°] | 1.03 | 0.43 | 0.41 | 0.73 | 1.27 | −0.10 |
| 3D sway range (closed eyes) [°] | 1.09 | 0.50 | 0.46 | 0.71 | 1.41 | −0.15 |
| Pitch sway speed (closed eyes) [°/s] | 0.18 | 0.06 | 0.36 | 0.14 | 0.22 | −0.08 |
| Roll sway speed (closed eyes) [°/s] | 0.20 | 0.08 | 0.39 | 0.14 | 0.25 | −0.07 |
| 3D sway speed (closed eyes) [°/s] | 0.30 | 0.10 | 0.33 | 0.21 | 0.34 | −0.06 |
| RR of pitch sway range [n.u.] | 1.42 | 0.75 | 0.53 | 0.94 | 1.75 | −0.13 |
| RR of roll sway range [n.u.] | 1.29 | 0.62 | 0.49 | 0.84 | 1.64 | −0.13 |
| RR of 3D sway range [n.u.] | 1.33 | 0.69 | 0.52 | 0.87 | 1.65 | −0.14 |
| RR of pitch sway speed [n.u.] | 1.46 | 0.62 | 0.43 | 1.03 | 1.77 | −0.14 |
| RR of roll sway speed [n.u.] | 1.43 | 0.62 | 0.43 | 0.90 | 1.89 | −0.15 |
| RR of 3D sway speed [n.u.] | 1.41 | 0.51 | 0.36 | 0.99 | 1.64 | −0.13 |