Experimental time schedule for in vivo SCI model of cell transplantation, behavioral assessment, bladder functional analysis, and tissue harvest. (A) mNPC labeling with the fluorescent dye PKH-26 (red); cellular nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). (B) All mNPC, pLXSN-mNPC, and hADC-mNPC transplantations were performed 1 week after SCI. Transplanted cell retention was assessed in spinal cord explants at 1, 2, and 5 weeks after cell transplantation. Assessments of forearm function were performed before and after injury, and weekly following transplantation. Bladder function analysis was performed simultaneously twice a day until 2 weeks after SCI.