Table 2.
Laboratory measurements of participants in cases and control participants.
| Characteristics | Control (N = 45) | Cases (N = 45) | p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dead COVID-19 patients (N = 5) | Recovered COVID-19 patients (N = 41) | ||||||
| Age (mean ± SD) | 41.9 ± 15.4 | 61 ± 12.4 | 42.1 ± 16.9 | 0.04a | |||
| Mean ± SD | Median (IQR) | Mean ± SD | Median (IQR) | Mean ± SD | Median (IQR) | ||
|
| |||||||
| Hematologic parameters | |||||||
| WBCs | 9.8 ± 4 | 8.9 (6.4–12.4) | 15.2 ± 2.8 | 13.9 (12.8–18.2) | 12.3 ± 3.2 | 12.2 (11.3–14.3) | 0.002b |
| RBCs | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 4.4 (4–4.6) | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 4.3 (3.7–4.5) | 4.5 ± 0.6 | 4.7 (4.2–5) | 0.08b |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12 ± 1.6 | 11.5 (10.5–13) | 11.5 ± 1.7 | 12.3 (9.7–12.9) | 12.4 ± 1.7 | 12.9 (11.8–13.3) | 0.22b |
| PCV | 36.3 ± 4.5 | 35.3 (32.5–38.6) | 34.5 ± 5 | 36.6 (29.5–38.5) | 37.4 ± 5.3 | 38.4 (36.2–40.7) | 0.17b |
| MCV (fL) | 81.7 ± 4.4 | 81.8 (80.1–84.2) | 83.6 ± 7.2 | 86.4 (76.4–89.4) | 82.6 ± 5.2 | 83.2 (79.6–85.7) | 0.6b |
| MCH | 27.1 ± 2 | 26.8 (25.6–28.7) | 27.8 ± 3 | 29.2 (25.2–29.9) | 27.6 ± 1.7 | 27.4 (27–28.7) | 0.26b |
| MCHC | 32.9 ± 1.3 | 32.7 (32.3–33.5) | 33 ± 1.2 | 32.9 (32.1–34.1) | 33.3 ± 1.3 | 33.2 (32.3–34.3) | 0.54b |
| MXD | 9.4 ± 2.5 | 8.5 (7.5–10.7) | 11.960 ± 6 | 10 (7.5–17.4) | 8.8 ± 3.6 | 8 (6–12.7) | 0.26b |
| RDW | 13.9 ± 1.3 | 13.9 (13–15) | 13.7 ± 1.6 | 13 (12.4–15.4) | 13.9 ± 1.3 | 13.6 (13–15) | 0.76b |
| Neutrophil count (K/µL) | 51.2 ± 14 | 55 (39.6–59.8) | 78.6 ± 7.3 | 80.3 (72.5–83.9) | 77.2 ± 8.3 | 78 (71.4–80.5) | <0.001b |
| Lymphocyte count | 39.4 ± 13.3 | 35 (31.7–53.8) | 9.2 ± 4 | 11 (5.1–12.5) | 14 ± 6.4 | 13.7 (12.3–16.8) | <0.001b |
| Platelet count | 307.2 ± 122.2 | 311 (201–381) | 378.6 ± 240.9 | 324 (220–564.5) | 296.5 ± 90.1 | 308 (211.5–357.5) | 0.98b |
|
| |||||||
| Inflammatory markers | |||||||
| ESR | 21.9 ± 9.6 | 20 (20–25) | 83 ± 24.6 | 75 (67.5–102.50) | 35.5 ± 19.4 | 30 (20–47.5) | <0.001b |
| CRP | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 2 (2–3) | 42.4 ± 17.3 | 44 (27.5–56.5) | 13.1 ± 15.6 | 3 (2–19.5) | <0.001b |
|
| |||||||
| Electrolytes | |||||||
| Calcium | 9.1 ± 0.6 | 9 (8.9–9.4) | 7.4 ± 0.46 | 7.3 (6.9–7.9) | 8.9 ± 0.6 | 9 (8.9–9.1) | 0.001b |
| Sodium | 137.3 ± 2.8 | 137 (136–140) | 136.2 ± 2.3 | 136 (134.5–138) | 137.6 ± 3.14 | 138 (136–139) | 0.43b |
| Potassium | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 3.9 (3.7–4.1) | 4.4 ± 0.82 | 4.3 (3.7–5.3) | 3.8 ± 0.4 | 3.9 (3.6–4.1) | 0.24b |
|
| |||||||
| Renal function | |||||||
| Creatinine | 0.83 ± 0.3 | 0.8 (0.6–0.95) | 4.5 ± 7.5 | 1.2 (1.1–9.6) | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.9 (0.75–1) | 0.001b |
| Urea | 30.4 ± 35.7 | 23 (22–31) | 86.8 ± 101 | 45 (37–157.5) | 27.2 ± 8.7 | 25 (22–33) | 0.006b |
|
| |||||||
| Coagulation profile | |||||||
| PT | 13.7 ± 1.4 | 13.4 (12.9–14.4) | 18.98 ± 4.1 | 18.8 (15.4–22.7) | 14.3 ± 2.3 | 13.9 (12.7–14.5) | 0.02b |
| aPTT | 35.1 ± 5 | 34.1 (32.1–39) | 49 ± 6.7 | 51.1 (43–53.4) | 36.7 ± 7 | 34.6 (32.1–38.3) | 0.008b |
| INR | 0.98 ± 0.1 | 0.95 (0.92–1.03) | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.4 (1.1–1.6) | 1 ± 0.2 | 0.99 (0.9–1.1) | 0.025b |
Superscript a: one-way ANOVA; superscript b: independent-samples Kruskal–Wallis test. Abbreviations: CRP, C-reactive protein, ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, MCH, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, MCV, mean corpuscular volume, MXD, mixed cell count blood test, WBCs, white blood cells, RBCs, red blood cells, PCV, packed cell volume, and RDW, red cell distribution width.