Table 3.
Autoantibodies profile of study participants.
| Characteristics | Total N (%) | AA positive N (%) | AA negative N (%) | p-value (χ2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/control | ||||
| Control | 45 (49.5) | 0 | 45 (53.6) | 0.002 (12.27) |
| Case (recovered) | 40 (45.1) | 5 (71.4) | 35 (42.9) | |
| Case (dead) | 5 (5.5) | 2 (28.6) | 3 (3.6) | |
|
| ||||
| Age (mean ± SD) | ||||
| 10–19 | 3 (3.3) | 0 | 3 (3.6) | 0.79 (3.13) |
| 20–29 | 22 (24.2) | 3 (42.9) | 18 (22.6) | |
| 30–39 | 16 (17.6) | 1 (14.3) | 15 (17.9) | |
| 40–49 | 18 (19.8) | 1 (14.3) | 17 (20.2) | |
| 50–59 | 14 (15.4) | 0 | 14 (16.7) | |
| 60–60 | 7 (7.7) | 1 (14.3) | 6 (7.1) | |
| >70 | 11 (12.1) | 1 (14.3) | 10 (11.9) | |
|
| ||||
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 64 (70.3) | 5 (71.4) | 58 (70.2) | 0.94 (0.004) |
| Female | 27 (29.7) | 2 (28.6) | 25 (29.8) | |
|
| ||||
| Address | ||||
| Urban | 78 (85.7) | 6 (85.7) | 72 (85.7) | 1 (0) |
| Rural | 13 (14.3) | 1 (14.3) | 11 (14.3) | |
|
| ||||
| Level of education | ||||
| No formal education | 16 (17.6) | 3 (42.9) | 13 (15.5) | 0.24 (4.12) |
| Primary | 15 (16.5) | 0 | 15 (17.9) | |
| Secondary | 13 (14.3) | 1 (14.3) | 12 (14.3) | |
| University | 47 (51.6) | 3 (42.9) | 43 (52.4) | |
|
| ||||
| Symptoms | ||||
| Fever | 89 (97.8) | 7 (100) | 82 (97.6) | 0.68 (0.17) |
| Cough | 84 (92.3) | 6 (85.7) | 78 (92.9) | 0.49 (0.46) |
| Shortness of breath | 75 (82.4) | 6 (85.7) | 69 (82.1) | 0.81 (0.06) |
| Sore throat | 82 (90.1) | 4 (57.1) | 78 (92.9) | 0.002 (9.2) |
| Headache | 79 (86.8) | 3 (42.9) | 75 (90.5) | <0.001 (12.8) |
| Myalgia | 63 (69.2) | 4 (57.1) | 59 (70.2) | 0.47 (0.52) |
| Running nose | 7 (7.7) | 1 (14.3) | 6 (7.1) | 0.49 (0.46) |
|
| ||||
| Chronic illnesses | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 30 (33) | 5 (71.7) | 25 (29.8) | 0.024 (5.1) |
| Hypertension | 2 (2.2) | 0 | 2 (2.4) | 0.68 (0.17) |
| Renal impairment | 2 (2.2) | 0 | 2 (2.4) | 0.68 (0.17) |
|
| ||||
| Laboratory measures | ||||
| Hypocalcemia | 8 (8.8) | 3 (42.9) | 5 (6) | 0.001 (10.9) |
| Leukopenia | 1 (1.1) | 1 (14.3) | 0 | <0.001 (12.1) |
| Lymphopenia | 48 (52.7) | 7 (100) | 40 (48.8) | 0.009 (6.8) |
|
| ||||
| Immunoglobulin's profile | ||||
| IgM, positive | 5 (19.2) | 2 (25) | 3 (16.7) | 0.12 (2.6) |
| IgG, positive | 13 (50) | 3 (37.5) | 10 (55.6) | 0.35 (0.86) |
| IgA, positive | 8 (30.7) | 3 (37.5) | 5 (27.7) | 0.054 (3.7) |