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. 2022 Dec 8;13:1025259. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1025259

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Copyright © 2022 McQuaid, Darcey, Patterson, Rose, VanMeter and Fishbein.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Between-group results for which substance non-initiators (SN) participants demonstrate increased activation relative to Substance Initiators (SI) adolescents. Interaction charts depict mean parameter estimates (error bars represent standard errors) for (A) High-reward/risk > Low-reward/risk, left insula; and (B) Win > Lose, left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). FSIQ as covariate of no interest. Initial cluster defining threshold = p < 0.001, k = 10 voxels. Results survive FWE cluster-correction at p < 0.05.