Table 1.
Characteristics of patients.
| All Cases (n=1191) n (%) | No Tele-ED (n=865) n (%) | Tele-ED (n=326) n (%) | Difference (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| DEMOGRAPHICS | ||||
|
| ||||
| Age | ||||
| <30 y | 10 (0.8) | 7 (0.8) | 3 (0.9) | 0.1 ([−1.1]−1.3) |
| ≥30 y and <40 y | 41 (3.4) | 28 (3.2) | 13 (4.0) | 0.8 ([−3.2]−1.6) |
| ≥40 y and <50 y | 68 (5.7) | 39 (4.5) | 29 (8.9) | 4.5 (1.0–7.8) |
| ≥50 y and <60 y | 121 (10.2) | 79 (9.1) | 42 (12.9) | 3.8 ([−0.3]−7.9) |
| ≥60 y and <70 y | 306 (25.7) | 207 (23.9) | 99 (23.6) | 0.3 ([−5.1]−5.7) |
| ≥70 y and <80 y | 272 (22.8) | 195 (22.5) | 77 (23.6) | 1.1 ([−6.5]−4.3) |
| ≥80 y and <90 y | 286 (24.1) | 231 (26.7) | 55 (16.9) | 9.8 (4.8–14.8) |
| ≥90 y | 87 (7.3) | 79 (9.1) | 8 (2.5) | 6.6 (4.0–9.2) |
| Missing | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
|
| ||||
| Female | 536 (45.0) | 405 (46.8) | 131 (40.2) | 6.6 (0.3–12.9) |
| Missing | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
|
| ||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | ||||
| <18.5 | 42 (3.8) | 34 (4.2) | 8 (2.6) | 1.6 ([−0.6]−3.8) |
| ≥18.5 and < 25 | 294 (26.4) | 227 (27.9) | 67 (22.3) | 5.6 ([−0.02]−11.2) |
| ≥25 and <30 | 300 (26.9) | 220 (27.1) | 80 (26.6) | 0.5 ([−5.4]−6.4) |
| ≥30 and <35 | 204 (18.3) | 142 (17.5) | 62 (20.6) | 3.1 ([−2.2]−8.4) |
| ≥35 | 274 (24.6) | 190 (23.4) | 84 (27.9) | 4.5 ([−1.1]−10.1) |
| Missing | 77 (6.5) | 52 (6.0) | 25 (7.7) | |
|
| ||||
| Latinx | 14 (1.2) | 9 (1.1) | 5 (1.6) | 0.5 ([−0.2]−1.1) |
| Missing | 44 (3.7) | 37 (4.3) | 7 (2.1) | |
|
| ||||
| Race | ||||
| White | 1059 (89.8) | 773 (90.3) | 286 (88.3) | 2.0 ([−2.0]−6.0) |
| African American | 8 (0.7) | 3 (0.4) | 5 (1.5) | 1.1 ([−0.3]−2.5) |
| American Indian or | 93 (7.9) | 66 (7.7) | 27 (8.3) | 0.6 ([−2.9]−4.1) |
| Alaska Native | ||||
| Other | 20 (1.7) | 14 (1.6) | 6 (1.9) | 0.3 ([−1.4]−2.0) |
| Missing | 11 (0.9) | 9 (1.0) | 2 (0.6) | |
|
| ||||
| PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS | ||||
|
| ||||
| Triage systolic blood pressure, mmHg, median (IQR) | 130 (110–149) | 132 (111–151) | 126 (105–146) | 6.00 (1.56–10.44) |
| Missing | 44 (3.7) | 37 (4.3) | 7 (2.1) | |
|
| ||||
| SOFA Score | ||||
| 2–3 | 586 (49.2) | 496 (55.0) | 110 (33.7) | 21.3 (15.2–27.4) |
| 4–7 | 537 (45.1) | 364 (42.1) | 173 (53.1) | 11.0 (4.7–17.3) |
| ≥8 | 68 (5.7) | 25 (2.9) | 43 (13.2) | 18.0 (6.5–14.1) |
| Missing | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
|
| ||||
| Source of Infection | ||||
| Respiratory | 635 (53.3) | 502 (58.0) | 133 (40.8) | 17.2 (10.9–23.5) |
| Genitourinary | 211 (17.7) | 154 (17.8) | 57 (17.5) | 0.3 ([−4.6]−5.2) |
| Abdominal | 77 (6.5) | 49 (5.7) | 28 (8.6) | 2.9 ([−5.2]−4.6) |
| Device-Related | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.3) | 0.2 ([−0.4]−0.8) |
| Skin/Soft Tissue | 109 (9.2) | 76 (8.8) | 33 (10.1) | 1.3 ([−2.5]−5.1) |
| Meningitis | 14 (1.2) | 6 (0.7) | 8 (2.5) | 1.8 (0.02–3.6) |
| Unknown | 143 (12.0) | 77 (8.9) | 66 (20.3) | 11.4 (6.6–16.2) |
| Missing | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
|
| ||||
| Surgery during hospital stay | 81 (6.8) | 44 (5.1) | 37 (11.4) | 6.3 (2.6–10.1) |
| Missing | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
|
| ||||
| Interhospital Transfer | 359 (30.1) | 73 (8.4) | 286 (87.7) | 79.3 (75.3–83.3) |
| Missing | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
|
| ||||
| Provider Type | ||||
| Physician | 1012 (85.0) | 781 (90.3) | 231 (70.9) | 19.4 (14.1–24.7) |
| APP with physician | 116 (9.7 | 59 (6.8) | 57 (17.5) | 10.7 (6.3–15.2) |
| APP alone | 63 (5.3) | 25 (2.9) | 38 (11.7) | 8.80 (5.1–12.5) |
| Missing | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
|
| ||||
| Arrive by Ambulance | 583 (50.0) | 416 (49.2) | 167 (51.9) | 2.7 ([−9.1]−3.7) |
| Missing | 24 (2.0) | 20 (2.3) | 4 (1.2) | |
|
| ||||
| COMORBIDITIES | ||||
|
| ||||
| COPD | 378 (31.8) | 292 (33.8) | 86 (26.4) | 7.4 (1.7–13.1) |
| Missing | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | |
|
| ||||
| Cirrhosis | 31 (2.6) | 18 (2.1) | 13 (4.0) | 1.9 ([−0.4]−4.2) |
| Missing | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | |
|
| ||||
| Solid organ transplant | 12 (1.0) | 8 (0.9) | 4 (1.2) | 0.3 ([−1.0]−1.6) |
| Missing | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | |
|
| ||||
| Cancer | 354 (29.7) | 266 (30.8) | 88 (27.0) | 3.8 ([−1.9]−9.5) |
| Missing | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | |
|
| ||||
| Diabetes | 440 (37.0) | 314 (36.3) | 126 (38.7) | 2.4 ([−3.8]−8.6) |
| Missing | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | |
|
| ||||
| Chronic Dialysis | 45 (3.8) | 21 (2.4) | 24 (7.4) | 5.0 (2.0–8.0) |
| Missing | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | |
|
| ||||
| Asthma | 143 (12.0) | 103 (11.9) | 40 (12.3) | 0.4 ([−3.8]−4.6) |
| Missing | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | |
|
| ||||
| Hypertension | 856 (71.9) | 631 (73.0) | 225 (69.0) | 4.0 ([−1.8]−9.8) |
| Missing | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | |