Table 3.
Regression estimated prevalence ratios and prevalence differences for environmental associations with middle ear disease1
| Variable | Sample prevalence | Number of observations used2 | Prevalence ratio3 (95% CI) | Prevalence difference4 (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| How many people currently live in the household? | 1564 | 1.05 (0.99,1.10) | 0.8 (−0.1,1.8) | |
| Do you have running water in your house? | 1564 | |||
| Water in house | 14.5 (12.5,16.8) | (ref) | (ref) | |
| No water in house | 22.4 (18.8,26.2) | 1.53 (1.03,2.27) | 7.6 (−0.1,15.4) | |
| Do you use a wood-burning stove or fireplace? | 1557 | |||
| No | 18.0 (15.7,20.6) | (ref) | (ref) | |
| Yes | 15.5 (12.7,18.7) | 0.86 (0.64,1.17) | −2.4 (−7.3,2.5) | |
| Number of smokers in the house? | 1563 | |||
| None | 17.3 (14.2,20.8) | (ref) | (ref) | |
| 1–2 Smokers | 16.8 (14.4,19.6) | 0.96 (0.57,1.61) | −0.5 (−9.5,8.4) | |
| 3 or more smokers | 17.5 (12.7,23.4) | 1.02 (0.55,1.92) | 0.5 (−10.3,11.2) | |
| Count of risk factors5 | 1556 | 1.16 (0.90,1.49) | 2.5 (−2.0,7.0) | |
| Overall prevalence of middle ear disease | 17.4 (15.5,19.3) | 1599 |
Presence of middle ear disease was determined by Type B (flat) or Type C tympanogram (<−200 daPa) or positive findings on otoscopy.
Number of observations used for regression analysis
Estimated using modified Poisson with generalized estimating equations with clustering at the community level (n=15) and small sample correction, adjusted for age, sex, and Alaska Native race.
Estimated using generalized estimating equations with normal distribution and identity linking, accounting for clustering at the community level (n=15) and small sample correction, adjusted for age, sex, and Alaska Native race.
Count of binary indicators for lack of water, wood burning stove/fireplace, and 3+smokers in house (range 0–3)