Table 1.
Participant Characteristics at Wave 4 by Past-Year E-cigarette Use (to Quit Smoking Cigarettes) at Wave 5 (18–34 years) Among Young Adult Established, Current Smokers Who Did Not Use E-cigarettes at Wave 4 (18–34 years): Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study Youth Surveys Waves 4 (2016–2018) and 5 (2018–2019)1
| Sample2 | Past-year E-cigarette Use at Wave 5 | Sample3 | Past-year E-cigarette Use to Quit Smoking at Wave 5 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | Yes | No | |||||
| N=2,664 | 33.4% | 66.6% | N=948 | 12.0% | 88.0% | |||
| % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | P-value | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | P-value | |
| E-cigarette Price Promotion Receipt | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | ||||||
| Yes | 4.1 (3.3, 5.1) | 52.8 (43.2, 62.2) | 47.2 (37.8, 56.8) | 4.9 (3.3, 7.2) | 30.0 (18.0, 45.5) | 70.0 (54.5, 82.0) | ||
| No | 95.9 (94.9, 96.8) | 32.6 (30.6, 34.7) | 67.4 (65.3, 69.4) | 95.1 (92.8, 97.7) | 11.1 (9.2, 13.3) | 88.9 (86.7, 90.8) | ||
| Age | <0.0001 | 0.2167 | ||||||
| 18–24 | 18.2 (16.8, 19.7) | 49.3 (45.6, 54.0) | 50.7 (46.0, 55.4) | 21.2 (18.5, 24.1) | 15.5 (10.8, 21.8) | 84.5 (78.2, 89.2) | ||
| 25–34 | 81.8 (80.3, 83.2) | 32.1 (30.0, 34.4) | 67.9 (65.6, 70.1) | 78.8 (75.9, 81.5) | 11.9 (9.5, 14.7) | 88.1 (85.3, 90.5) | ||
| Biological Sex | 0.2408 | 0.4173 | ||||||
| Female | 56.7 (54.7, 58.7) | 32.2 (29.2, 35.3) | 67.8 (64.7, 70.8) | 55.0 (51.4, 58.4) | 11.2 (8.6, 14.4) | 88.8 (85.6, 91.4) | ||
| Male | 43.3 (41.4, 45.4) | 35.1 (31.9, 38.4) | 64.9 (61.6, 68.1) | 45.0 (41.5, 48.6) | 13.0 (10.0, 16.9) | 87.0 (83.2, 90.0) | ||
| Race/ethnicity | 0.0075 | 0.0391 | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 66.0 (63.6, 68.4) | 35.6 (31.9, 38.3) | 64.4 (61.7, 67.1) | 64.5 (61.0, 67.8) | 14.0 (11.1, 17.4) | 86.0 (82.7, 88.9) | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 12.6 (10.8, 14.5) | 25.7 (21.3, 30.6) | 74.3 (69.4, 78.7) | 12.5 (10.6, 14.8) | 5.8 (2.6, 12.5) | 94.2 (87.5, 97.4) | ||
| Hispanic | 15.2 (13.7, 16.7) | 29.7 (24.5, 35.3) | 70.3 (64.6, 75.5) | 17.0 (14.2, 20.3) | 8.1 (4.7, 13.6) | 91.9 (86.4, 95.3) | ||
| Non-Hispanic Other | 6.2 (5.2, 7.6) | 37.6 (29.5, 46.5) | 62.4 (53.5, 70.5) | 6.0 (4.4, 8.2) | 16.7 (8.5, 29.9) | 83.3 (70.1, 91.5) | ||
| Highest Level of Education | <0.0001 | 0.0023 | ||||||
| ≤High School/GED | 56.0 (53.5, 58.4) | 28.5 (25.9, 31.2) | 71.5 (68.8, 74.1) | 51.6 (47.5, 55.6) | 8.0 (5.6, 11.4) | 92.0 (88.5, 94.4) | ||
| >High School | 44.0 (41.6, 46.5) | 39.8 (36.7, 43.0) | 60.2 (57.1, 63.3) | 48.4 (44.4, 52.5) | 16.3 (12.8, 20.5) | 83.7 (79.5, 87.2) | ||
| Annual Household Income | 0.5098 | 0.2657 | ||||||
| <$50,000 | 71.1 (68.4, 73.6) | 32.9 (30.3, 35.5) | 67.1 (64.5, 70.0) | 69.3 (65.0, 73.4) | 11.3 (8.9, 14.3) | 88.7 (85.7, 91.1) | ||
| ≥$50,000 | 28.9 (26.4, 31.6) | 34.6 (30.7, 38.9) | 65.4 (61.3, 69.3) | 30.7 (26.6, 35.0) | 14.0 (10.4, 18.7) | 86.0 (81.3, 89.5) | ||
| Cigarette Smoking Frequency | 0.6391 | 0.0004 | ||||||
| Daily Smoking | 72.1 (69.7, 74.5) | 33.0 (30.5, 35.6) | 67.0 (64.4, 69.5) | 68.6 (64.7, 72.4) | 14.9 (12.2, 18.0) | 85.1 (82.0, 87.8) | ||
| Non-Daily Smoking | 27.9 (25.6, 30.3) | 34.5 (29.8, 39.5) | 65.5 (60.5, 70.2) | 31.4 (27.6, 35.4) | 5.8 (3.5, 9.4) | 94.2 (90.6, 96.5) | ||
| Time to Smoke the First Cigarette After Waking | 0.0211 | 0.0023 | ||||||
| >60 minutes | 31.1 (28.9, 33.4) | 34.7 (30.6, 39.1) | 65.3 (60.9, 69.4) | 35.1 (31.6, 38.8) | 8.9 (5.9, 13.1) | 91.1 (86.9, 94.1) | ||
| 31–60 minutes | 17.9 (16.3, 19.6) | 33.7 (29.2, 38.5) | 66.3 (61.5, 70.8) | 20.7 (17.8, 24.0) | 14.9 (10.7, 20.4) | 85.1 (79.6, 89.3) | ||
| 6–30 minutes | 31.9 (29.8, 34.1) | 33.0 (29.5, 36.7) | 67.0 (63.3, 70.5) | 28.9 (25.7, 32.5) | 12.4 (8.9, 17.0) | 87.6 (83.1, 91.1) | ||
| ≤5 minutes | 19.1 (17.2, 21.1) | 32.2 (28.0, 36.6) | 67.8 (63.4, 71.9) | 15.3 (12.6, 18.3) | 14.5 (8.6, 23.3) | 85.5 (76.7, 91.4) | ||
| Past-Year Quitting Smoking Cigarettes | 0.5750 | 0.1852 | ||||||
| Yes | 35.1 (33.1, 37.2) | 34.4 (30.8, 38.2) | 65.6 (61.8, 69.2) | 53.6 (50.1, 57.2) | 10.6 (8.0, 13.9) | 89.4 (86.1, 92.0) | ||
| No | 64.9 (62.8, 66.9) | 33.1 (30.6, 35.7) | 66.9 (64.3, 69.4) | 46.4 (42.8, 49.9) | 13.7 (10.6, 17.6) | 86.3 (82.4, 89.4) | ||
| Past-Month Tobacco Advertising Exposure | <0.0001 | 0.0001 | ||||||
| Yes | 56.6 (54.3, 58.9) | 37.9 (35.4, 40.5) | 62.1 (59.3, 64.7) | 56.7 (52.7, 50.7) | 15.6 (12.6, 19.1) | 84.4 (80.9, 87.4) | ||
| No | 43.4 (41.1, 45.7) | 27.6 (24.9, 30.5) | 72.4 (69.5, 75.1) | 43.3 (39.4, 47.3) | 7.3 (5.3, 10.0) | 92.7 (90.0, 94.8) | ||
| Past-Year Cigarette Price Promotion Receipt | 0.0137 | 0.0350 | ||||||
| Yes | 42.7 (40.2, 45.3) | 36.4 (33.2, 39.8) | 63.6 (60.0, 66.8) | 46.2 (41.5, 51.1) | 14.8 (11.4, 18.9) | 85.2 (81.1, 88.6) | ||
| No | 57.3 (54.7, 59.8) | 31.2 (28.8, 33.7) | 68.8 (66.3, 71.2) | 53.8 (49.0, 58.5) | 9.6 (72.3, 12.7) | 90.4 (87.3, 92.7) | ||
1.
Percentages are weighted estimates
2.
Bolded text represents p<0.05
3.
P-value for testing group difference