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. 2022 Dec 22;7:75. doi: 10.1038/s41536-022-00269-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Morphology and proliferation of the USCs. Scale bars = 100 and 200 μm. b Representative images of osteogenic-induced (by ALP and Alizarin Red staining) and adipogenic-induced (by Oil red O staining) with USCs. Scale bar = 200 μm. c The potential for chondrogenic differentiation of the USCs after 28 days of 3D chondrogenic differentiation in vitro: (A) Gross appearance; (B) H&E staining; (C) safranin O staining; (D) Alcian blue; (E) aggrecan; (F) collagen II. Scale bar = 200 μm. e The mRNA expression of chondrogenesis-related genes (Aggrecan, Sox9, and Collagen II) was quantified in the USCs after 28 days of culture. f–h Expression of surface markers of the USCs. DMEM (standard culture medium); CM (chondrogenic induction medium). ns, not significant; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, * is the statistical difference compare with DMEM group. One-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test was used. Each data point represented an average ± standard deviation, n = 4.