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. 2022 Dec 22;5:1402. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-04349-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a SEVs were isolated from human seminal fluids and PC3 culture media, respectively, and were treated with sulfo-NHS-SS-biotin to biotinylate outer membrane proteins on the surface of the sEVs before addition of lysis buffer. Biotinylated surface proteins were captured on streptavidin beads, and were released by DTT. b Total, total minus surface, and surface proteins were digested and identified by label-free semi-quantitative HRMS analysis. c The presence of these proteins was validated by Exo-PLA and SP-PLA.