TABLE 2.

Prevalence of functional limitations among older adults (the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging Survey, South Korea, 2020).

Variable	ADL disability				IADL disability
	Severe (%)	Moderate (%)	None (%)	p-value a	Severe (%)	Moderate (%)	None (%)	p-value a
Sex
Male	1.37	4.05	94.58	0.060	2.68	13.57	83.75	0.058
Female	2.35	4.31	93.34		3.43	11.52	85.05
Age in years
65-74	0.39	1.52	98.09	<0.001	0.83	5.39	93.78	<0.001
75-84	1.88	3.89	94.23		2.71	13.71	83.58
85 or older	7.37	14.24	78.39		12.06	32.50	55.44
Living arrangement
With relatives	1.43	2.89	95.68	<0.001	2.18	10.16	87.66	<0.001
Living alone	3.01	6.95	90.04		5.09	17.06	77.85
Educational status
Elementary school or lower	2.79	5.94	91.27	<0.001	4.22	16.30	79.48	<0.001
Middle school	1.05	2.88	96.07		1.96	9.17	88.87
High school	0.96	2.50	96.54		2.02	8.26	89.72
College or higher	1.59	1.59	96.82		2.12	7.94	89.94
Body mass index
Normal	2.48	4.52	93.00	<0.001	3.81	13.07	83.12	<0.001
Underweight	7.98	14.72	77.30		12.27	26.38	61.35
Overweight	0.94	2.81	96.25		1.80	11.16	87.04
Obesity	1.30	3.70	95.00		12.27	26.38	61.35
Physical activity
Yes	0.23	1.38	98.39	<0.001	0.63	7.44	91.93	<0.001
No	3.07	6.07	90.86		4.76	15.68	79.56
Depression status
Yes	9.84	12.44	77.72	<0.001	12.95	25.39	61.66	<0.001
No	1.57	3.81	94.62		2.65	11.78	85.57
Number of chronic diseases
0	0.36	1.58	98.06	<0.001	0.73	5.95	93.32	<0.001
1	1.13	2.48	96.39		1.68	9.14	89.18
2	1.98	4.31	93.71		3.41	12.58	84.01
3 or more	3.90	7.81	88.29		6.08	20.29	73.63

^a Chi-squared test is used to calculate p-values for the differences across ADL/IADL disability levels.

ADL, activities of daily living; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living.