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. 2022 Dec 9;10:1053217. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1053217

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Copyright © 2022 Lu, Lu, Liu, Li, Fang, Chen and Zhou.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Main examples of engineered EVs for wound healing. EVs can be engineered by preconditioning donor cells (A), genetic method (B), and combination with hydrogels (C) to promote wound healing. These engineered EVs can achieve enhanced effects on the regulation of inflammation, angiogenesis, remodeling, and scar formation by activating relevant signaling pathways. Hydrogels and nanomaterials can also synergistically enhance wound healing through sustained EVs release, antibacterial, fast hemostatic, self-healing, tissue adhesive, and improved oxidative stress capabilities.