Fig. 1.

Timeline depicting the brief history of interferon discovery and key events about STING biology since its identification in 2008. ATG16L1, autophagy-related 16 like 1; CDN cyclic dinucleotides, cGAMP cyclic GMP–AMP, CRISPR/Cas9 clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9, ENPP1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1, ERIS endoplasmic reticulum IFN stimulator, IFN interferon, IRF1 interferon regulatory factor 1, IRF3 interferon regulatory factor 3, LPS lipopolysaccharide, MITA mediator of IRF3 activation, PERK PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, STING stimulator of interferon genes, TALEN transcription activator-like effector nucleases, TBK1 TANK-binding kinase 1, TLR4 Toll-like receptor 4, SAVI STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy