Table 2.
Overview of potential targets of anti-tuberculosis agents
| No. | Genes (Rv numbers) |
Protein name | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
pks13 (Rv3800c) [329] |
Polyketide synthase Pks13 | Synthesis of mycolic acid |
| 2 | Rv1885c | Chorismate mutase (MtbCM) [330] | Synthesis of shikimate (rearrange chorismate to prephenate) |
| 3 |
alr (Rv3423c) |
Alanine racemase [331] | Synthesis of cell wall (racemase L-alanine into D-alanine) |
| 4 | glfT1 (Rv3782) glfT2 (Rv3808c) | Galactofuranosyl transferase, GlfT [332] | Biosynthesis of galactan |
| 5 |
rmID (Rv3266c) |
dTDP-6-deoxy-L-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase, RmID [333] | Biosynthesis of L-rhamnosyl |
| 6 |
eccB3 (Rv0283) |
EccB3 [334] | A component of the ESX-3 type VII secretion system |
| 7 |
aspS (Rv2572c) [329] |
Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, AspS | Protein translation |
| 8 |
fadD32 (Rv3801c) [335] |
Fatty acyl-AMP ligase, FadD32 | Synthesis of mycolic acid (links the FAS and PKS mycolate pathways) |
| 9 |
dfrA (Rv2763c) |
Dihydrofolate reductase DHFR [336] | Synthesis of nucleic acid |
| 10 |
accD4 (Rv3799c) |
AccD4-containing acyl-CoA carboxylase [337] | Biosynthesis of mycolic acids |
| 11 |
fabH (Rv0533c) [338] |
3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase III, FabH | Synthesis of mycolic acid (responsible for initiation of FAS II fatty acid biosynthesis) |
| 12 |
mabA/fabG1 (Rv1483) |
β-ketoacyl-ACP reductase, MabA [339] | A complex group of enzymes responsible for the production of very long fatty acid derivatives |
| 13 |
coaA (Rv1092c) [340] |
Pantothenate kinase (PanK) | Biosynthesis of CoA (catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of the CoA biosynthesis) |
| 14 |
aroK (Rv2539c) |
Shikimate kinase [341] | Biosynthesis of chorismate |
| 15 |
ahpD (Rv2429) [342] |
Alkylhydroperoxidases AhpC and AhpD | Catalyzes the reduction of alkylhydroperoxides to alcohols |
| 16 |
ribH (Rv1416) [343] |
Lumazine synthase (LS) | Biosynthesis of riboflavin (catalyzes the formation of 6,7-dimethyl-8-D-ribityl-lumazine) |
| 17 |
nrdR (Rv2718c) |
Ribonucleotide reductases [344], | Catalyzing the formation of deoxyribonucleotides from ribonucleotides |
| 18 |
ligA-D (Rv3014c, Rv3062, Rv3731, Rv0938) |
DNA ligase [345] | Replication of DNA |
| 19 |
tmk (Rv3247c) |
Thymidine monophosphate kinase (TMPKmt) [346] | Phosphorylate thymidine monophosphate to thymidine diphosphate |
| 20 |
atpA-atpH (Rv1308, Rv1304, Rv1311, Rv1310, Rv1305, Rv1306, Rv1309, Rv1307) |
ATP synthase [347] | Production of ATP |
| 21 |
ndh (Rv1854c) |
NADH-menaquinone oxidoreductase [348] | Biosynthesis of menaquinone |
| 22 | alas, argG, argS, aspS, cysS1, gltS, glyS, hisS, ileS, leuS, lysS, lysX, metS, pheS, pheT, proS, serS, thrS, trpS, tyrS, valS, acs, menE, birA, mshC, panC, guaA, nadE, mbtA, mbtB, mbtE, mbtF, nrp, fadD1–19, fadD21–26, fadD27–36 [349] | Adenylate-forming enzymes (AEs) [349] | Activation of carboxylic acids to intermediate acyladenylates |
| 23 |
dprE1 (Rv3790) [350] |
Flavoenzyme DprE1 | Cell wall synthesis (catalyzes the epimerization of decaprenyl-phospho-ribose to decaprenyl-phospho-arabinose) |
| 24 | gyrA (Rv0006), gyrB (Rv0005) | DNA gyrase [351] | DNA replication (regulates DNA topology) |
| 25 | clpP1(Rv2461); clpP2 (Rv2460c )[352] | Clp protease (ClpP1 and ClpP2) | Degradation of misfolded or damaged proteins |
| 26 |
prsA (Rv1017c) [353] |
Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase | Biosynthesis of phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate |
| 27 |
hspX or acr (Rv2031c) |
HspX [354] | An alpha-crystallin-like protein, which associates with the growth suppression of Mtb |
| 28 |
hupB (Rv2986c) |
Nucleoid-associated protein HU [355] | Contributes to the maintenance of chromosomal structure and the global regulation of DNA transactions |