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. 2022 Dec 9;13:1003366. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1003366

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Copyright © 2022 Chen, Ouyang, Yin, Fang, Tang, Luo and Luo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The analysis of immune cells and cardiac cells in LA samples and the correlation between immune genes, immune cells, and cardiac cells. (A) The scores of immune cells in LA samples. (B) The scores of cardiac cells in LA samples. (C) The volcano plot of differentially expressed immune genes between patients with or without AF. Dots in green: downregulated gene, dots in red: upregulated gene. (D) The expression levels of top five upregulated immune genes in SR group and AF group. (E) The correlation between immune genes, immune cells, and cardiac cells. Dots in blue: SR samples, dots in red: AF samples. LA: left atrium, SR: sinus rhythm, AF: atrial fibrillation. *, p < 0.05, **, p < 0.01, ***, p < 0.001.